Maternal and Fetal Implications of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective, Longitudinal Study

OBJECTIVE: This study followed Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group India (DIPSI) guidelines and compared the clinical profiles, and maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnant women with gestational glucose intolerance (GGI) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective...

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Main Authors: Sanjay A. Gupte, Chandrakant Rao, Gayatri Venkataraman, Aarti S. Shah, Shweta M. Jangam, Manasi Kunte, Deepti Salunkhe, Shridevi Gundu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Via Medica 2025-01-01
Series:Clinical Diabetology
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Online Access:https://journals.viamedica.pl/clinical_diabetology/article/view/103027
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author Sanjay A. Gupte
Chandrakant Rao
Gayatri Venkataraman
Aarti S. Shah
Shweta M. Jangam
Manasi Kunte
Deepti Salunkhe
Shridevi Gundu
author_facet Sanjay A. Gupte
Chandrakant Rao
Gayatri Venkataraman
Aarti S. Shah
Shweta M. Jangam
Manasi Kunte
Deepti Salunkhe
Shridevi Gundu
author_sort Sanjay A. Gupte
collection DOAJ
description OBJECTIVE: This study followed Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group India (DIPSI) guidelines and compared the clinical profiles, and maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnant women with gestational glucose intolerance (GGI) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective, single-center study analyzed data from 958 pregnant women between April 2019 and March 2022. All women underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and, based on OGTT values, were categorized as normal, GGI, GDM, or diabetes mellitus (DM). RESULTS: The mean ages for GGI, GDM, and DM groups were 31.14, 31.39, and 33.00 years, respectively. Significant differences were observed in body mass index (BMI), which was highest in the DM group (p = 0.001). Increased conversion rates to GDM were noted in the third trimester. Conversion from GGI to GDM (p = 0.1142) was lower than from normal to GGI (p = 0.005) or GDM (p = 0.006). Women with a family history of diabetes, particularly with both parents affected, had a higher risk of GDM/DM. GDM and DM were associated with adverse outcomes like history of abortion, stillbirth, intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight, and large-for-gestational-age infants. Preterm birth and oligohydramnios were highest in the DM group. CONCLUSIONS: GGI and GDM are associated with maternal and fetal health, increasing the risk of complications. Identification, and appropriate monitoring and management of GGI may help reduce the conversion into GDM and help prevent future adverse outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-a46d73d508034153abb8b2898b7db5a32025-08-21T05:52:06ZengVia MedicaClinical Diabetology2450-74582450-81872025-01-0114310.5603/cd.103027Maternal and Fetal Implications of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective, Longitudinal StudySanjay A. Gupte0Chandrakant Rao1Gayatri Venkataraman2Aarti S. Shah3Shweta M. Jangam4Manasi Kunte5Deepti Salunkhe6Shridevi Gundu7Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gupte Hospital and Center for Research in Reproduction, Pune, Pune, IndiaDepartment of Diabetes in Pregnancy (DIP), Gupte Hospital and Center for Research in Reproduction, Pune, IndiaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gupte Hospital and Center for Research in Reproduction, Pune, Pune, IndiaPulse Clinic, Ahmedabad, IndiaDepartment of Clinical Research, Gupte Hospital and Center for Research in Reproduction, Pune, IndiaDepartment of Physiotherapy, Gupte Hospital and Center for Research in Reproduction, Pune, IndiaDepartment of Nutrition, Gupte Hospital and Center for Research in Reproduction, Pune, IndiaMedical Services Department, Emcure Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Pune, IndiaOBJECTIVE: This study followed Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group India (DIPSI) guidelines and compared the clinical profiles, and maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnant women with gestational glucose intolerance (GGI) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective, single-center study analyzed data from 958 pregnant women between April 2019 and March 2022. All women underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and, based on OGTT values, were categorized as normal, GGI, GDM, or diabetes mellitus (DM). RESULTS: The mean ages for GGI, GDM, and DM groups were 31.14, 31.39, and 33.00 years, respectively. Significant differences were observed in body mass index (BMI), which was highest in the DM group (p = 0.001). Increased conversion rates to GDM were noted in the third trimester. Conversion from GGI to GDM (p = 0.1142) was lower than from normal to GGI (p = 0.005) or GDM (p = 0.006). Women with a family history of diabetes, particularly with both parents affected, had a higher risk of GDM/DM. GDM and DM were associated with adverse outcomes like history of abortion, stillbirth, intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight, and large-for-gestational-age infants. Preterm birth and oligohydramnios were highest in the DM group. CONCLUSIONS: GGI and GDM are associated with maternal and fetal health, increasing the risk of complications. Identification, and appropriate monitoring and management of GGI may help reduce the conversion into GDM and help prevent future adverse outcomes.https://journals.viamedica.pl/clinical_diabetology/article/view/103027gestational diabetes mellitusgestational glucose intolerancematernal outcomesfetal outcomes
spellingShingle Sanjay A. Gupte
Chandrakant Rao
Gayatri Venkataraman
Aarti S. Shah
Shweta M. Jangam
Manasi Kunte
Deepti Salunkhe
Shridevi Gundu
Maternal and Fetal Implications of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective, Longitudinal Study
Clinical Diabetology
gestational diabetes mellitus
gestational glucose intolerance
maternal outcomes
fetal outcomes
title Maternal and Fetal Implications of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective, Longitudinal Study
title_full Maternal and Fetal Implications of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective, Longitudinal Study
title_fullStr Maternal and Fetal Implications of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective, Longitudinal Study
title_full_unstemmed Maternal and Fetal Implications of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective, Longitudinal Study
title_short Maternal and Fetal Implications of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective, Longitudinal Study
title_sort maternal and fetal implications of gestational diabetes mellitus a retrospective longitudinal study
topic gestational diabetes mellitus
gestational glucose intolerance
maternal outcomes
fetal outcomes
url https://journals.viamedica.pl/clinical_diabetology/article/view/103027
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