Assessing the biocementation of lateritic soil using hydraulic conductivity and bioinspired optimization approach
Abstract The effectiveness of microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) in reducing the hydraulic conductivity (HC) of soils has been evaluated in several geotechnical engineering applications. However, optimizing MICP parameters to achieve minimal hydraulic conductivity for waste containment...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12907-6 |
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| author | Roland Kufre Etim Paul Yohanna Adrian Oshioname Eberemu Kolawole Juwonlo Osinubi Thomas Stephen Ijimdiya |
| author_facet | Roland Kufre Etim Paul Yohanna Adrian Oshioname Eberemu Kolawole Juwonlo Osinubi Thomas Stephen Ijimdiya |
| author_sort | Roland Kufre Etim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The effectiveness of microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) in reducing the hydraulic conductivity (HC) of soils has been evaluated in several geotechnical engineering applications. However, optimizing MICP parameters to achieve minimal hydraulic conductivity for waste containment liners remains underexplored. This study presents a comprehensive laboratory analysis investigating the influence of bacterial suspension density and compaction energy on compacted lateritic soil, prepared under varying moisture conditions. Bacillus megaterium (B. megaterium) was introduced at different suspension densities, followed by compaction. Results revealed that increased bacterial density and compaction energy significantly reduced hydraulic conductivity due to calcite formation, confirmed through XRD, SEM, XRF, and FTIR analyses. To optimize the hydraulic conductivity, bio-inspired algorithms including particle swarm optimization (PSO), smell agent optimization (SAO), and bacterial foraging optimization (BFO) were deployed. Successive iterations demonstrated that PSO achieved the lowest hydraulic conductivity (k = 2.27 × 10−11 m/s), followed by SAO (k = 2.85 × 10−11 m/s) and BFO (k = 2.66 × 10−9 m/s). These findings highlight the critical role of compaction effort, moisture content, and bacterial density in designing compacted lateritic soil liners for geotechnical applications. Optimization results underscore PSO’s superior performance in achieving design criteria for liners. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a453fcff2ac34b8eaa23d69f9ed3ee65 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| spelling | doaj-art-a453fcff2ac34b8eaa23d69f9ed3ee652025-08-20T04:03:03ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115112510.1038/s41598-025-12907-6Assessing the biocementation of lateritic soil using hydraulic conductivity and bioinspired optimization approachRoland Kufre Etim0Paul Yohanna1Adrian Oshioname Eberemu2Kolawole Juwonlo Osinubi3Thomas Stephen Ijimdiya4Department of Civil Engineering, Akwa Ibom State UniversityDepartment of Civil Engineering, Kampala International UniversityDepartment of Civil Engineering, Ahmadu Bello UniversityDepartment of Civil Engineering, Ahmadu Bello UniversityDepartment of Civil Engineering, Ahmadu Bello UniversityAbstract The effectiveness of microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) in reducing the hydraulic conductivity (HC) of soils has been evaluated in several geotechnical engineering applications. However, optimizing MICP parameters to achieve minimal hydraulic conductivity for waste containment liners remains underexplored. This study presents a comprehensive laboratory analysis investigating the influence of bacterial suspension density and compaction energy on compacted lateritic soil, prepared under varying moisture conditions. Bacillus megaterium (B. megaterium) was introduced at different suspension densities, followed by compaction. Results revealed that increased bacterial density and compaction energy significantly reduced hydraulic conductivity due to calcite formation, confirmed through XRD, SEM, XRF, and FTIR analyses. To optimize the hydraulic conductivity, bio-inspired algorithms including particle swarm optimization (PSO), smell agent optimization (SAO), and bacterial foraging optimization (BFO) were deployed. Successive iterations demonstrated that PSO achieved the lowest hydraulic conductivity (k = 2.27 × 10−11 m/s), followed by SAO (k = 2.85 × 10−11 m/s) and BFO (k = 2.66 × 10−9 m/s). These findings highlight the critical role of compaction effort, moisture content, and bacterial density in designing compacted lateritic soil liners for geotechnical applications. Optimization results underscore PSO’s superior performance in achieving design criteria for liners.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12907-6Lateritic soilB. megateriumHydraulic conductivityMicroanalysisOptimization |
| spellingShingle | Roland Kufre Etim Paul Yohanna Adrian Oshioname Eberemu Kolawole Juwonlo Osinubi Thomas Stephen Ijimdiya Assessing the biocementation of lateritic soil using hydraulic conductivity and bioinspired optimization approach Scientific Reports Lateritic soil B. megaterium Hydraulic conductivity Microanalysis Optimization |
| title | Assessing the biocementation of lateritic soil using hydraulic conductivity and bioinspired optimization approach |
| title_full | Assessing the biocementation of lateritic soil using hydraulic conductivity and bioinspired optimization approach |
| title_fullStr | Assessing the biocementation of lateritic soil using hydraulic conductivity and bioinspired optimization approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing the biocementation of lateritic soil using hydraulic conductivity and bioinspired optimization approach |
| title_short | Assessing the biocementation of lateritic soil using hydraulic conductivity and bioinspired optimization approach |
| title_sort | assessing the biocementation of lateritic soil using hydraulic conductivity and bioinspired optimization approach |
| topic | Lateritic soil B. megaterium Hydraulic conductivity Microanalysis Optimization |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12907-6 |
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