Precise Editing of chNHE1 Gene via CRISPR/Cas9 Generates ALV-J-Resistant Chicken Primordial Germ Cell

Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), an α-retrovirus, mediates infection by binding to the host-specific receptor chNHE1 (chicken sodium–hydrogen exchanger type 1), leading to immunosuppression and tumorigenesis, which severely threatens the sustainable development of the poultry industry. Studi...

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Main Authors: Xinyi Zhou, Ruyu Liao, Min Tan, Yu Zhang, Haiwei Wang, Keshan Zhang, Qigui Wang, Xi Lan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Animals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/14/2018
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author Xinyi Zhou
Ruyu Liao
Min Tan
Yu Zhang
Haiwei Wang
Keshan Zhang
Qigui Wang
Xi Lan
author_facet Xinyi Zhou
Ruyu Liao
Min Tan
Yu Zhang
Haiwei Wang
Keshan Zhang
Qigui Wang
Xi Lan
author_sort Xinyi Zhou
collection DOAJ
description Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), an α-retrovirus, mediates infection by binding to the host-specific receptor chNHE1 (chicken sodium–hydrogen exchanger type 1), leading to immunosuppression and tumorigenesis, which severely threatens the sustainable development of the poultry industry. Studies have shown that the tryptophan residue at position 38 (W38) of the chNHE1 protein is the critical site for ALV-J infection. In this study, we employed the CRISPR/Cas9 system to construct a lentiviral vector targeting the W38 site of chNHE1, transfected it into chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs), and validated its antiviral efficacy through ALV-J infection assays, successfully establishing an in vitro gene-editing system for chicken PGCs. The constructed dual lentiviral vector efficiently targeted the W38 site. PGCs isolated from 5.5- to 7-day-old chicken embryos were suitable for in vitro gene editing. Stable fluorescence expression was observed within 24–72 h post-transfection, confirming high transfection efficiency. ALV-J challenge tests demonstrated that no viral env gene expression was detected in transfected PGCs at 48 h or 72 h post-infection, while high env expression was observed in control groups. After 7 days of infection, p27 antigen ELISA tests were negative in transfected groups but positive in controls, indicating that W38-deleted PGCs exhibited strong resistance to ALV-J. This study successfully generated ALV-J-resistant gene-edited PGCs using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, providing a novel strategy for disease-resistant poultry breeding and advancing avian gene-editing applications.
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spelling doaj-art-a43d70f558314c81bacac04e1a53bf5e2025-08-20T03:55:52ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-07-011514201810.3390/ani15142018Precise Editing of chNHE1 Gene via CRISPR/Cas9 Generates ALV-J-Resistant Chicken Primordial Germ CellXinyi Zhou0Ruyu Liao1Min Tan2Yu Zhang3Haiwei Wang4Keshan Zhang5Qigui Wang6Xi Lan7College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaChongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, ChinaChongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, ChinaChongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaAvian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), an α-retrovirus, mediates infection by binding to the host-specific receptor chNHE1 (chicken sodium–hydrogen exchanger type 1), leading to immunosuppression and tumorigenesis, which severely threatens the sustainable development of the poultry industry. Studies have shown that the tryptophan residue at position 38 (W38) of the chNHE1 protein is the critical site for ALV-J infection. In this study, we employed the CRISPR/Cas9 system to construct a lentiviral vector targeting the W38 site of chNHE1, transfected it into chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs), and validated its antiviral efficacy through ALV-J infection assays, successfully establishing an in vitro gene-editing system for chicken PGCs. The constructed dual lentiviral vector efficiently targeted the W38 site. PGCs isolated from 5.5- to 7-day-old chicken embryos were suitable for in vitro gene editing. Stable fluorescence expression was observed within 24–72 h post-transfection, confirming high transfection efficiency. ALV-J challenge tests demonstrated that no viral env gene expression was detected in transfected PGCs at 48 h or 72 h post-infection, while high env expression was observed in control groups. After 7 days of infection, p27 antigen ELISA tests were negative in transfected groups but positive in controls, indicating that W38-deleted PGCs exhibited strong resistance to ALV-J. This study successfully generated ALV-J-resistant gene-edited PGCs using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, providing a novel strategy for disease-resistant poultry breeding and advancing avian gene-editing applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/14/2018gene editingCRISPR/Cas9avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J)chNHE1primordial germ cells (PGCs)gene editing
spellingShingle Xinyi Zhou
Ruyu Liao
Min Tan
Yu Zhang
Haiwei Wang
Keshan Zhang
Qigui Wang
Xi Lan
Precise Editing of chNHE1 Gene via CRISPR/Cas9 Generates ALV-J-Resistant Chicken Primordial Germ Cell
Animals
gene editing
CRISPR/Cas9
avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J)
chNHE1
primordial germ cells (PGCs)
gene editing
title Precise Editing of chNHE1 Gene via CRISPR/Cas9 Generates ALV-J-Resistant Chicken Primordial Germ Cell
title_full Precise Editing of chNHE1 Gene via CRISPR/Cas9 Generates ALV-J-Resistant Chicken Primordial Germ Cell
title_fullStr Precise Editing of chNHE1 Gene via CRISPR/Cas9 Generates ALV-J-Resistant Chicken Primordial Germ Cell
title_full_unstemmed Precise Editing of chNHE1 Gene via CRISPR/Cas9 Generates ALV-J-Resistant Chicken Primordial Germ Cell
title_short Precise Editing of chNHE1 Gene via CRISPR/Cas9 Generates ALV-J-Resistant Chicken Primordial Germ Cell
title_sort precise editing of chnhe1 gene via crispr cas9 generates alv j resistant chicken primordial germ cell
topic gene editing
CRISPR/Cas9
avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J)
chNHE1
primordial germ cells (PGCs)
gene editing
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/14/2018
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