The structural basis of protective and nonprotective human monoclonal antibodies targeting the parainfluenza virus type 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase
Abstract Parainfluenza virus 3 (PIV3) infection poses a substantial risk to vulnerable groups including infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals, and lacks effective treatments or vaccines. This study focuses on targeting the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein, a structural glyc...
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| Format: | Article |
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Nature Portfolio
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-55101-4 |
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| author | Rose J. Miller Ian A. Durie Aaron D. Gingerich Mohamed A. Elbehairy Abigail G. Branch Riley G. Davis Nada Abbadi Melinda A. Brindley Jarrod J. Mousa |
| author_facet | Rose J. Miller Ian A. Durie Aaron D. Gingerich Mohamed A. Elbehairy Abigail G. Branch Riley G. Davis Nada Abbadi Melinda A. Brindley Jarrod J. Mousa |
| author_sort | Rose J. Miller |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Parainfluenza virus 3 (PIV3) infection poses a substantial risk to vulnerable groups including infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals, and lacks effective treatments or vaccines. This study focuses on targeting the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein, a structural glycoprotein of PIV3 critical for viral infection and egress. With the objective of targeting these activities of HN, we identified eight neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with potent effects on viral neutralization, cell-cell fusion inhibition, and complement deposition. Three epitopes on PIV3 HN were delineated and one epitope, Site 2, elicits a mAb with cross-neutralizing ability against PIV1 and PIV3. Cryo-EM revealed the cross-neutralizing mAb utilizes a long CDR3 loop to bind inside the pocket of the sialic acid binding site. Additionally, we resolved the structure of a non-protective mAb binding to Site 1 near the HN:F-interaction site. The potent Site 2-directed mAb demonstrated clinical efficacy in hamsters, reducing viral replication prophylactically and therapeutically. These findings advance our understanding of PIV3 immunity and underscore the significance of targeting HN for clinical therapeutic development against PIV3. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a43793441b204788aa18594a8f9f9c1e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2041-1723 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Nature Communications |
| spelling | doaj-art-a43793441b204788aa18594a8f9f9c1e2025-01-05T12:35:06ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232024-12-0115111410.1038/s41467-024-55101-4The structural basis of protective and nonprotective human monoclonal antibodies targeting the parainfluenza virus type 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidaseRose J. Miller0Ian A. Durie1Aaron D. Gingerich2Mohamed A. Elbehairy3Abigail G. Branch4Riley G. Davis5Nada Abbadi6Melinda A. Brindley7Jarrod J. Mousa8Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of GeorgiaCenter for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of GeorgiaCenter for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of GeorgiaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State UniversityCenter for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of GeorgiaCenter for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of GeorgiaCenter for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of GeorgiaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of GeorgiaCenter for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of GeorgiaAbstract Parainfluenza virus 3 (PIV3) infection poses a substantial risk to vulnerable groups including infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals, and lacks effective treatments or vaccines. This study focuses on targeting the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein, a structural glycoprotein of PIV3 critical for viral infection and egress. With the objective of targeting these activities of HN, we identified eight neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with potent effects on viral neutralization, cell-cell fusion inhibition, and complement deposition. Three epitopes on PIV3 HN were delineated and one epitope, Site 2, elicits a mAb with cross-neutralizing ability against PIV1 and PIV3. Cryo-EM revealed the cross-neutralizing mAb utilizes a long CDR3 loop to bind inside the pocket of the sialic acid binding site. Additionally, we resolved the structure of a non-protective mAb binding to Site 1 near the HN:F-interaction site. The potent Site 2-directed mAb demonstrated clinical efficacy in hamsters, reducing viral replication prophylactically and therapeutically. These findings advance our understanding of PIV3 immunity and underscore the significance of targeting HN for clinical therapeutic development against PIV3.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-55101-4 |
| spellingShingle | Rose J. Miller Ian A. Durie Aaron D. Gingerich Mohamed A. Elbehairy Abigail G. Branch Riley G. Davis Nada Abbadi Melinda A. Brindley Jarrod J. Mousa The structural basis of protective and nonprotective human monoclonal antibodies targeting the parainfluenza virus type 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase Nature Communications |
| title | The structural basis of protective and nonprotective human monoclonal antibodies targeting the parainfluenza virus type 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase |
| title_full | The structural basis of protective and nonprotective human monoclonal antibodies targeting the parainfluenza virus type 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase |
| title_fullStr | The structural basis of protective and nonprotective human monoclonal antibodies targeting the parainfluenza virus type 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase |
| title_full_unstemmed | The structural basis of protective and nonprotective human monoclonal antibodies targeting the parainfluenza virus type 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase |
| title_short | The structural basis of protective and nonprotective human monoclonal antibodies targeting the parainfluenza virus type 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase |
| title_sort | structural basis of protective and nonprotective human monoclonal antibodies targeting the parainfluenza virus type 3 hemagglutinin neuraminidase |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-55101-4 |
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