Monolithic 3D Oscillatory Ising Machine Using Reconfigurable FeFET Routing for Large‐Scalability and Low‐Power Consumption
Abstract Ising machines are attractive for efficiently solving NP‐hard combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). In this work, a scalable monolithic‐3D (M3D) oscillatory Ising machine (OIM) is proposed using ferroelectric field‐effect transistors (FeFETs) serving as an in‐memory routing switch (RS...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Advanced Science |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202413247 |
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| author | Joon Pyo Kim Song‐Hyeon Kuk Hyun Wook Kim Jaeyong Jeong Juhyuk Park Bong Ho Kim Jongmin Kim Aida Todri‐Sanial Sanghyeon Kim |
| author_facet | Joon Pyo Kim Song‐Hyeon Kuk Hyun Wook Kim Jaeyong Jeong Juhyuk Park Bong Ho Kim Jongmin Kim Aida Todri‐Sanial Sanghyeon Kim |
| author_sort | Joon Pyo Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Ising machines are attractive for efficiently solving NP‐hard combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). In this work, a scalable monolithic‐3D (M3D) oscillatory Ising machine (OIM) is proposed using ferroelectric field‐effect transistors (FeFETs) serving as an in‐memory routing switch (RS) and bi‐stable resistor (biristor)‐based oscillators for the first time. The M3D OIM achieves low static power consumption while offering high reconfigurability. Through careful control of FeFET routing switches, weights of the Ising model are embedded in coupled biristors. The performance is validated through simulations and experiments, in successfully solving King's graph sub‐problems and the MaxCUT problem. By leveraging the intrinsic OIM features of parallel computing together with M3D integration, it is reported that the M3D OIM outperforms reported OIMs in scalability and speed. Such an approach provides new insights and significant potential for solving COPs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a4374ca4a25c47329b0de1fe5a7f5d1b |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2198-3844 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advanced Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-a4374ca4a25c47329b0de1fe5a7f5d1b2025-08-20T02:34:47ZengWileyAdvanced Science2198-38442025-05-011218n/an/a10.1002/advs.202413247Monolithic 3D Oscillatory Ising Machine Using Reconfigurable FeFET Routing for Large‐Scalability and Low‐Power ConsumptionJoon Pyo Kim0Song‐Hyeon Kuk1Hyun Wook Kim2Jaeyong Jeong3Juhyuk Park4Bong Ho Kim5Jongmin Kim6Aida Todri‐Sanial7Sanghyeon Kim8School of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak‐ro Yuseong‐gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of KoreaSchool of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak‐ro Yuseong‐gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of KoreaSchool of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Eindhoven Technical University Eindhoven AZ 5612 The NetherlandsSchool of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak‐ro Yuseong‐gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of KoreaSchool of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak‐ro Yuseong‐gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of KoreaSchool of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak‐ro Yuseong‐gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of KoreaDevice Technology Division Korea Advanced Nano Fab Center (KANC) 109 Gwanggyo‐ro Yeongtong‐gu Suwon 16229 Republic of KoreaSchool of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Eindhoven Technical University Eindhoven AZ 5612 The NetherlandsSchool of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak‐ro Yuseong‐gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of KoreaAbstract Ising machines are attractive for efficiently solving NP‐hard combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). In this work, a scalable monolithic‐3D (M3D) oscillatory Ising machine (OIM) is proposed using ferroelectric field‐effect transistors (FeFETs) serving as an in‐memory routing switch (RS) and bi‐stable resistor (biristor)‐based oscillators for the first time. The M3D OIM achieves low static power consumption while offering high reconfigurability. Through careful control of FeFET routing switches, weights of the Ising model are embedded in coupled biristors. The performance is validated through simulations and experiments, in successfully solving King's graph sub‐problems and the MaxCUT problem. By leveraging the intrinsic OIM features of parallel computing together with M3D integration, it is reported that the M3D OIM outperforms reported OIMs in scalability and speed. Such an approach provides new insights and significant potential for solving COPs.https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202413247fefetising machinem3dmaxcutoscillator |
| spellingShingle | Joon Pyo Kim Song‐Hyeon Kuk Hyun Wook Kim Jaeyong Jeong Juhyuk Park Bong Ho Kim Jongmin Kim Aida Todri‐Sanial Sanghyeon Kim Monolithic 3D Oscillatory Ising Machine Using Reconfigurable FeFET Routing for Large‐Scalability and Low‐Power Consumption Advanced Science fefet ising machine m3d maxcut oscillator |
| title | Monolithic 3D Oscillatory Ising Machine Using Reconfigurable FeFET Routing for Large‐Scalability and Low‐Power Consumption |
| title_full | Monolithic 3D Oscillatory Ising Machine Using Reconfigurable FeFET Routing for Large‐Scalability and Low‐Power Consumption |
| title_fullStr | Monolithic 3D Oscillatory Ising Machine Using Reconfigurable FeFET Routing for Large‐Scalability and Low‐Power Consumption |
| title_full_unstemmed | Monolithic 3D Oscillatory Ising Machine Using Reconfigurable FeFET Routing for Large‐Scalability and Low‐Power Consumption |
| title_short | Monolithic 3D Oscillatory Ising Machine Using Reconfigurable FeFET Routing for Large‐Scalability and Low‐Power Consumption |
| title_sort | monolithic 3d oscillatory ising machine using reconfigurable fefet routing for large scalability and low power consumption |
| topic | fefet ising machine m3d maxcut oscillator |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202413247 |
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