Concentration-Dependent Photoproduction of Singlet Oxygen by Common Photosensitizers
Singlet oxygen quantum yield (Φ<sub>Δ</sub>) is a critical parameter in photodynamic studies, particularly for evaluating photosensitizers’ efficiency in diverse applications such as photodynamic therapy and environmental remediation. Standard photosensitizers, including Rose Bengal, Met...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| author | Grzegorz Szewczyk Krystian Mokrzyński |
| author_facet | Grzegorz Szewczyk Krystian Mokrzyński |
| author_sort | Grzegorz Szewczyk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Singlet oxygen quantum yield (Φ<sub>Δ</sub>) is a critical parameter in photodynamic studies, particularly for evaluating photosensitizers’ efficiency in diverse applications such as photodynamic therapy and environmental remediation. Standard photosensitizers, including Rose Bengal, Methylene Blue, and porphyrins, are widely employed as benchmarks for determining Φ<sub>Δ</sub>. However, accurate determination of Φ<sub>Δ</sub> relies not only on the intrinsic properties of these photosensitizers but also on their experimental conditions, such as concentration. This study investigated the influence of photosensitizer concentration on singlet oxygen quantum yield using several standard photosensitizers. Our findings revealed a significant decrease in Φ<sub>Δ</sub> with increasing photosensitizer concentrations across all tested compounds. This decline was attributed to self-quenching effects and molecular aggregation, which reduced the efficiency of energy transfer from the excited triplet state of the photosensitizer to molecular oxygen. The results emphasize the importance of optimizing photosensitizer concentration to ensure reliable Φ<sub>Δ</sub> measurements and avoid underestimations. This work underscores the need to consider concentration-dependent effects in future studies to ensure accurate and reproducible outcomes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a436dd3233a243a7aae248373cf0bb9c |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-a436dd3233a243a7aae248373cf0bb9c2025-08-20T02:59:15ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-03-01305113010.3390/molecules30051130Concentration-Dependent Photoproduction of Singlet Oxygen by Common PhotosensitizersGrzegorz Szewczyk0Krystian Mokrzyński1Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Biophysics, Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, PolandSinglet oxygen quantum yield (Φ<sub>Δ</sub>) is a critical parameter in photodynamic studies, particularly for evaluating photosensitizers’ efficiency in diverse applications such as photodynamic therapy and environmental remediation. Standard photosensitizers, including Rose Bengal, Methylene Blue, and porphyrins, are widely employed as benchmarks for determining Φ<sub>Δ</sub>. However, accurate determination of Φ<sub>Δ</sub> relies not only on the intrinsic properties of these photosensitizers but also on their experimental conditions, such as concentration. This study investigated the influence of photosensitizer concentration on singlet oxygen quantum yield using several standard photosensitizers. Our findings revealed a significant decrease in Φ<sub>Δ</sub> with increasing photosensitizer concentrations across all tested compounds. This decline was attributed to self-quenching effects and molecular aggregation, which reduced the efficiency of energy transfer from the excited triplet state of the photosensitizer to molecular oxygen. The results emphasize the importance of optimizing photosensitizer concentration to ensure reliable Φ<sub>Δ</sub> measurements and avoid underestimations. This work underscores the need to consider concentration-dependent effects in future studies to ensure accurate and reproducible outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/5/1130singlet oxygenquantum yieldphotosensitizersmethylene blueTMPyPperinaphthenone |
| spellingShingle | Grzegorz Szewczyk Krystian Mokrzyński Concentration-Dependent Photoproduction of Singlet Oxygen by Common Photosensitizers Molecules singlet oxygen quantum yield photosensitizers methylene blue TMPyP perinaphthenone |
| title | Concentration-Dependent Photoproduction of Singlet Oxygen by Common Photosensitizers |
| title_full | Concentration-Dependent Photoproduction of Singlet Oxygen by Common Photosensitizers |
| title_fullStr | Concentration-Dependent Photoproduction of Singlet Oxygen by Common Photosensitizers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Concentration-Dependent Photoproduction of Singlet Oxygen by Common Photosensitizers |
| title_short | Concentration-Dependent Photoproduction of Singlet Oxygen by Common Photosensitizers |
| title_sort | concentration dependent photoproduction of singlet oxygen by common photosensitizers |
| topic | singlet oxygen quantum yield photosensitizers methylene blue TMPyP perinaphthenone |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/5/1130 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT grzegorzszewczyk concentrationdependentphotoproductionofsingletoxygenbycommonphotosensitizers AT krystianmokrzynski concentrationdependentphotoproductionofsingletoxygenbycommonphotosensitizers |