Relationship between blood heavy metals and female stress urinary incontinence from NHANES 2013–2018
Background: Research has demonstrated that heavy metals and cholesterol are associated with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women and that heavy metal exposure can cause dyslipidemia in humans. However, the potential mediating role of cholesterol in the relationship between heavy metals and fem...
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Komiyama Printing Co. Ltd
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ehpm/30/0/30_25-00021/_html/-char/en |
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| author | Yan-zhen Wu Xi-meng Chen |
| author_facet | Yan-zhen Wu Xi-meng Chen |
| author_sort | Yan-zhen Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Research has demonstrated that heavy metals and cholesterol are associated with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women and that heavy metal exposure can cause dyslipidemia in humans. However, the potential mediating role of cholesterol in the relationship between heavy metals and female SUI remains unexplored. Methods: The study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database from 2013–2018. Blood lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), total mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), and methyl mercury (MeHg) were included in the study. The single and combined effects of the six metals exposure on SUI were examined using logistic analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). The mediating effects of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were investigated through mediation analysis. Results: The study included 2241 females, with 42.66% experiencing SUI. Initial analysis of six heavy metals revealed the associations between MeHg, Pb, Cd, total Hg, and SUI (all P < 0.05). WQS regression identified that Cd, Se, and Pb were major contributors to the mixed effect causing SUI. BKMR results indicated a positive mixed effect between six heavy metals and SUI. TC partially mediated the relationship of Pb, MeHg, and total Hg with SUI, and LDL-C partially mediated the association of Pb with SUI (all P for mediation < 0.05). Conclusions: Blood heavy metal concentrations influence the development of female SUI, with blood cholesterol mediating the association between different heavy metals and SUI. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a424c6e526ac4cf48fcdd17b96c49d67 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1342-078X 1347-4715 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Komiyama Printing Co. Ltd |
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| series | Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-a424c6e526ac4cf48fcdd17b96c49d672025-08-20T03:12:36ZengKomiyama Printing Co. LtdEnvironmental Health and Preventive Medicine1342-078X1347-47152025-05-0130454510.1265/ehpm.25-00021ehpmRelationship between blood heavy metals and female stress urinary incontinence from NHANES 2013–2018Yan-zhen Wu0Xi-meng Chen1Department of gynecology and obstetrics, Wenzhou Central HospitalDepartment of urology, Wenzhou Central HospitalBackground: Research has demonstrated that heavy metals and cholesterol are associated with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women and that heavy metal exposure can cause dyslipidemia in humans. However, the potential mediating role of cholesterol in the relationship between heavy metals and female SUI remains unexplored. Methods: The study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database from 2013–2018. Blood lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), total mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), and methyl mercury (MeHg) were included in the study. The single and combined effects of the six metals exposure on SUI were examined using logistic analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). The mediating effects of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were investigated through mediation analysis. Results: The study included 2241 females, with 42.66% experiencing SUI. Initial analysis of six heavy metals revealed the associations between MeHg, Pb, Cd, total Hg, and SUI (all P < 0.05). WQS regression identified that Cd, Se, and Pb were major contributors to the mixed effect causing SUI. BKMR results indicated a positive mixed effect between six heavy metals and SUI. TC partially mediated the relationship of Pb, MeHg, and total Hg with SUI, and LDL-C partially mediated the association of Pb with SUI (all P for mediation < 0.05). Conclusions: Blood heavy metal concentrations influence the development of female SUI, with blood cholesterol mediating the association between different heavy metals and SUI.https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ehpm/30/0/30_25-00021/_html/-char/enfemalestress urinary incontinenceheavy metalscholesterol |
| spellingShingle | Yan-zhen Wu Xi-meng Chen Relationship between blood heavy metals and female stress urinary incontinence from NHANES 2013–2018 Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine female stress urinary incontinence heavy metals cholesterol |
| title | Relationship between blood heavy metals and female stress urinary incontinence from NHANES 2013–2018 |
| title_full | Relationship between blood heavy metals and female stress urinary incontinence from NHANES 2013–2018 |
| title_fullStr | Relationship between blood heavy metals and female stress urinary incontinence from NHANES 2013–2018 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Relationship between blood heavy metals and female stress urinary incontinence from NHANES 2013–2018 |
| title_short | Relationship between blood heavy metals and female stress urinary incontinence from NHANES 2013–2018 |
| title_sort | relationship between blood heavy metals and female stress urinary incontinence from nhanes 2013 2018 |
| topic | female stress urinary incontinence heavy metals cholesterol |
| url | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ehpm/30/0/30_25-00021/_html/-char/en |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yanzhenwu relationshipbetweenbloodheavymetalsandfemalestressurinaryincontinencefromnhanes20132018 AT ximengchen relationshipbetweenbloodheavymetalsandfemalestressurinaryincontinencefromnhanes20132018 |