Fisheries disrupt marine nutrient cycles through biomass extraction

Abstract Fisheries’ effects on marine life have been widely acknowledged for decades, but only recently have we considered their impact on marine nutrient cycles. Through the removal of marine biomass, fisheries represent a unique and historically novel pathway for nutrients to be extracted from the...

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Main Authors: Adrián A. González Ortiz, Timothy E. Walsworth, Edd Hammill, Maria L. D. Palomares, Daniel Pauly, Trisha B. Atwood
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Communications Earth & Environment
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02218-z
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author Adrián A. González Ortiz
Timothy E. Walsworth
Edd Hammill
Maria L. D. Palomares
Daniel Pauly
Trisha B. Atwood
author_facet Adrián A. González Ortiz
Timothy E. Walsworth
Edd Hammill
Maria L. D. Palomares
Daniel Pauly
Trisha B. Atwood
author_sort Adrián A. González Ortiz
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Fisheries’ effects on marine life have been widely acknowledged for decades, but only recently have we considered their impact on marine nutrient cycles. Through the removal of marine biomass, fisheries represent a unique and historically novel pathway for nutrients to be extracted from the sea. Here, we examined the magnitude of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus extraction by industrial fisheries through large spatiotemporal scales and broad ecological contexts. Between 1960 and 2018, industrial fisheries removed approximately 431 million tonnes of carbon, 110 million tonnes of nitrogen, and 23 million tonnes of phosphorus. Nutrient extractions occurred most intensely in highly productive regions within Exclusive Economic Zones. Additionally, >53% of all nutrient extractions occurred through the removal of mid-level trophic groups and pelagic species. Our findings indicate that fisheries can remove substantial amounts of nutrients each year and warrant further studies that consider the ecosystem-level impacts of nutrient reductions.
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spelling doaj-art-a4249a6154d74f8c865e19b669a140ca2025-08-20T03:10:18ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Earth & Environment2662-44352025-04-016111510.1038/s43247-025-02218-zFisheries disrupt marine nutrient cycles through biomass extractionAdrián A. González Ortiz0Timothy E. Walsworth1Edd Hammill2Maria L. D. Palomares3Daniel Pauly4Trisha B. Atwood5The Department of Watershed Sciences and The Ecology Center, Utah State UniversityThe Department of Watershed Sciences and The Ecology Center, Utah State UniversityThe Department of Watershed Sciences and The Ecology Center, Utah State UniversitySea Around Us, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British ColumbiaSea Around Us, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British ColumbiaThe Department of Watershed Sciences and The Ecology Center, Utah State UniversityAbstract Fisheries’ effects on marine life have been widely acknowledged for decades, but only recently have we considered their impact on marine nutrient cycles. Through the removal of marine biomass, fisheries represent a unique and historically novel pathway for nutrients to be extracted from the sea. Here, we examined the magnitude of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus extraction by industrial fisheries through large spatiotemporal scales and broad ecological contexts. Between 1960 and 2018, industrial fisheries removed approximately 431 million tonnes of carbon, 110 million tonnes of nitrogen, and 23 million tonnes of phosphorus. Nutrient extractions occurred most intensely in highly productive regions within Exclusive Economic Zones. Additionally, >53% of all nutrient extractions occurred through the removal of mid-level trophic groups and pelagic species. Our findings indicate that fisheries can remove substantial amounts of nutrients each year and warrant further studies that consider the ecosystem-level impacts of nutrient reductions.https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02218-z
spellingShingle Adrián A. González Ortiz
Timothy E. Walsworth
Edd Hammill
Maria L. D. Palomares
Daniel Pauly
Trisha B. Atwood
Fisheries disrupt marine nutrient cycles through biomass extraction
Communications Earth & Environment
title Fisheries disrupt marine nutrient cycles through biomass extraction
title_full Fisheries disrupt marine nutrient cycles through biomass extraction
title_fullStr Fisheries disrupt marine nutrient cycles through biomass extraction
title_full_unstemmed Fisheries disrupt marine nutrient cycles through biomass extraction
title_short Fisheries disrupt marine nutrient cycles through biomass extraction
title_sort fisheries disrupt marine nutrient cycles through biomass extraction
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02218-z
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