Skin conditions associated with dermal exposure to oil spill chemicals among Deepwater Horizon disaster response and cleanup workers

Background: Previous studies have associated oil spill response and cleanup (OSRC) work with skin symptoms, but evidence is lacking on the specific exposure agents that contributed to these skin effects. Objectives: We investigated OSRC-related exposures, including dermal exposure to specific chemic...

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Main Authors: Dazhe Chen, Kaitlyn G. Lawrence, Patricia A. Stewart, Melanie Gorman Ng, Mark R. Stenzel, John W. Cherrie, Kate E. Christenbury, W. Braxton Jackson II, Lawrence S. Engel, Dale P. Sandler
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325004129
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author Dazhe Chen
Kaitlyn G. Lawrence
Patricia A. Stewart
Melanie Gorman Ng
Mark R. Stenzel
John W. Cherrie
Kate E. Christenbury
W. Braxton Jackson II
Lawrence S. Engel
Dale P. Sandler
author_facet Dazhe Chen
Kaitlyn G. Lawrence
Patricia A. Stewart
Melanie Gorman Ng
Mark R. Stenzel
John W. Cherrie
Kate E. Christenbury
W. Braxton Jackson II
Lawrence S. Engel
Dale P. Sandler
author_sort Dazhe Chen
collection DOAJ
description Background: Previous studies have associated oil spill response and cleanup (OSRC) work with skin symptoms, but evidence is lacking on the specific exposure agents that contributed to these skin effects. Objectives: We investigated OSRC-related exposures, including dermal exposure to specific chemical agents, in relation to acute and longer-term skin conditions among the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) OSRC workers. Methods: At GuLF Study enrollment, workers reported duration of work, jobs performed, and skin contact with crude oil/tar, dispersants, and decontamination chemicals. Cumulative dermal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from oil/tar was estimated based on the “GuLF DREAM model”. We used Poisson regression with robust standard errors to evaluate associations of exposures with prevalent skin conditions during spill cleanup and at enrollment (1–3 years later) and incident eczema diagnoses after the start of OSRC work. We examined modification of associations between exposures and prevalent conditions by use of rubber/synthetic gloves. Results: Duration of OSRC work was positively associated with skin conditions and eczema diagnoses (p-trend<0.01). Workers in operations, response, and decontamination jobs had higher skin condition prevalence (during cleanup: PR range=3.13–4.51; at enrollment: PR range=2.20–2.94) and eczema risk (RR range=1.44–1.89) compared to support workers. After adjusting for co-exposures, we saw associations of skin conditions during cleanup with dermal exposure to oil/tar (PR=3.41, 95 %CI: 3.14, 3.69), decontamination chemicals (PR=1.55, 95 %CI: 1.46, 1.64), dispersants (PR=1.44, 95 %CI: 1.33, 1.57), and PAHs (p-trend<0.01). These associations remained apparent at enrollment. Eczema diagnosis was associated with exposure to oil/tar (RR=1.56, 95 %CI: 1.20, 2.04) and PAHs (Tertile 3 vs. 1: PR=1.33, 95 %CI: 0.86, 2.07). Effect estimates were on average 21 % lower among workers who used rubber/synthetic gloves. Conclusions: Duration of work, working in non-support jobs, and dermal exposure to oil/tar, dispersants, decontamination chemicals, and PAHs were associated with acute and longer-term skin effects among the DWH OSRC workers.
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spelling doaj-art-a41ab0bd572844b188553dba86cb5fa52025-08-20T01:54:15ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132025-04-0129411807610.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118076Skin conditions associated with dermal exposure to oil spill chemicals among Deepwater Horizon disaster response and cleanup workersDazhe Chen0Kaitlyn G. Lawrence1Patricia A. Stewart2Melanie Gorman Ng3Mark R. Stenzel4John W. Cherrie5Kate E. Christenbury6W. Braxton Jackson II7Lawrence S. Engel8Dale P. Sandler9Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USAEpidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USAStewart Exposure Assessments, LLC, Arlington, VA, USACentre for Human Exposure Science, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Avenue North, Edinburgh, UK; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, CanadaExposure Assessment Applications, LLC, Arlington, VA, USACentre for Human Exposure Science, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Avenue North, Edinburgh, UK; Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UKDLH, LLC, Bethesda, MD, USADLH, LLC, Bethesda, MD, USAEpidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USAEpidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Correspondence to: Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, Mail Drop A3-05, 111 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2233, USA.Background: Previous studies have associated oil spill response and cleanup (OSRC) work with skin symptoms, but evidence is lacking on the specific exposure agents that contributed to these skin effects. Objectives: We investigated OSRC-related exposures, including dermal exposure to specific chemical agents, in relation to acute and longer-term skin conditions among the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) OSRC workers. Methods: At GuLF Study enrollment, workers reported duration of work, jobs performed, and skin contact with crude oil/tar, dispersants, and decontamination chemicals. Cumulative dermal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from oil/tar was estimated based on the “GuLF DREAM model”. We used Poisson regression with robust standard errors to evaluate associations of exposures with prevalent skin conditions during spill cleanup and at enrollment (1–3 years later) and incident eczema diagnoses after the start of OSRC work. We examined modification of associations between exposures and prevalent conditions by use of rubber/synthetic gloves. Results: Duration of OSRC work was positively associated with skin conditions and eczema diagnoses (p-trend<0.01). Workers in operations, response, and decontamination jobs had higher skin condition prevalence (during cleanup: PR range=3.13–4.51; at enrollment: PR range=2.20–2.94) and eczema risk (RR range=1.44–1.89) compared to support workers. After adjusting for co-exposures, we saw associations of skin conditions during cleanup with dermal exposure to oil/tar (PR=3.41, 95 %CI: 3.14, 3.69), decontamination chemicals (PR=1.55, 95 %CI: 1.46, 1.64), dispersants (PR=1.44, 95 %CI: 1.33, 1.57), and PAHs (p-trend<0.01). These associations remained apparent at enrollment. Eczema diagnosis was associated with exposure to oil/tar (RR=1.56, 95 %CI: 1.20, 2.04) and PAHs (Tertile 3 vs. 1: PR=1.33, 95 %CI: 0.86, 2.07). Effect estimates were on average 21 % lower among workers who used rubber/synthetic gloves. Conclusions: Duration of work, working in non-support jobs, and dermal exposure to oil/tar, dispersants, decontamination chemicals, and PAHs were associated with acute and longer-term skin effects among the DWH OSRC workers.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325004129Petroleum pollutionIrritantsPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsDermatitisEczemaOil spill
spellingShingle Dazhe Chen
Kaitlyn G. Lawrence
Patricia A. Stewart
Melanie Gorman Ng
Mark R. Stenzel
John W. Cherrie
Kate E. Christenbury
W. Braxton Jackson II
Lawrence S. Engel
Dale P. Sandler
Skin conditions associated with dermal exposure to oil spill chemicals among Deepwater Horizon disaster response and cleanup workers
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Petroleum pollution
Irritants
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Dermatitis
Eczema
Oil spill
title Skin conditions associated with dermal exposure to oil spill chemicals among Deepwater Horizon disaster response and cleanup workers
title_full Skin conditions associated with dermal exposure to oil spill chemicals among Deepwater Horizon disaster response and cleanup workers
title_fullStr Skin conditions associated with dermal exposure to oil spill chemicals among Deepwater Horizon disaster response and cleanup workers
title_full_unstemmed Skin conditions associated with dermal exposure to oil spill chemicals among Deepwater Horizon disaster response and cleanup workers
title_short Skin conditions associated with dermal exposure to oil spill chemicals among Deepwater Horizon disaster response and cleanup workers
title_sort skin conditions associated with dermal exposure to oil spill chemicals among deepwater horizon disaster response and cleanup workers
topic Petroleum pollution
Irritants
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Dermatitis
Eczema
Oil spill
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325004129
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