New Insights of Response Surface Methodology Approach in Optimizing Total Phenolic Content of <i>Zanthoxylum acanthopodium</i> DC. Fruit Extracted Using Microwave-Assisted Extraction and the Impact to Antioxidant Activity
Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC., a unique spice plant from North Sumatra, is rich in beneficial secondary metabolites, particularly phenolic compounds. This study utilized the microwave-assisted extraction method to enhance the extraction of these bioactive compounds. The goal was to determine the opt...
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Department of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Indonesian Journal of Chemistry |
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| Online Access: | https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/95922 |
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| author | Sumaiyah Sumaiyah Retno Murwanti Didi Nurhadi Illian Muhammad Fauzan Lubis Keshia Tampubolon |
| author_facet | Sumaiyah Sumaiyah Retno Murwanti Didi Nurhadi Illian Muhammad Fauzan Lubis Keshia Tampubolon |
| author_sort | Sumaiyah Sumaiyah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC., a unique spice plant from North Sumatra, is rich in beneficial secondary metabolites, particularly phenolic compounds. This study utilized the microwave-assisted extraction method to enhance the extraction of these bioactive compounds. The goal was to determine the optimal extraction conditions, including solvent concentration (X1), microwave power (X2), and extraction time (X3) to maximize the total phenolic content (TPC) of Z. acanthopodium fruit. A Box-Behnken design, part of response surface methodology, was used with three factors at three levels: X1 (50%, 75%, and 100% ethanol in water), X2 (180, 300, and 450 W), and X3 (3, 8.5, and 14 min). The phenolic compounds in the optimized extract were identified using LC-HRMS, and its antioxidant activity was measured using radical scavenging activity assays. The statistical analysis indicated a significant quadratic model (p-value < 0.05), with a high R2 of 86.25%. Optimal conditions for maximum TPC (159.637 ± 5.72 mg GAE/g) were achieved with 50% ethanol, 450 W, and 8.5 min, outperforming conventional extraction methods. Compared to the non-optimized extract, the optimized extract also exhibited strong antioxidant activity, particularly in DPPH radical inhibition. This method successfully optimized TPC in Z. acanthopodium fruit, enhancing its antioxidant properties. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a40f60d3a7bf4c0886901b37d3747462 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1411-9420 2460-1578 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Department of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada |
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| series | Indonesian Journal of Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-a40f60d3a7bf4c0886901b37d37474622025-08-20T02:18:03ZengDepartment of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah MadaIndonesian Journal of Chemistry1411-94202460-15782024-12-012461743175910.22146/ijc.9592236582New Insights of Response Surface Methodology Approach in Optimizing Total Phenolic Content of <i>Zanthoxylum acanthopodium</i> DC. Fruit Extracted Using Microwave-Assisted Extraction and the Impact to Antioxidant ActivitySumaiyah Sumaiyah0Retno Murwanti1Didi Nurhadi Illian2Muhammad Fauzan Lubis3Keshia Tampubolon4Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Tri Dharma, Padang Bulan, Medan 20155, IndonesiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Jl. Syech Abdurrauf, Kopelma Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, IndonesiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Tri Dharma, Padang Bulan, Medan 20155, IndonesiaUndergraduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Tri Dharma, Padang Bulan, Medan 20155, IndonesiaZanthoxylum acanthopodium DC., a unique spice plant from North Sumatra, is rich in beneficial secondary metabolites, particularly phenolic compounds. This study utilized the microwave-assisted extraction method to enhance the extraction of these bioactive compounds. The goal was to determine the optimal extraction conditions, including solvent concentration (X1), microwave power (X2), and extraction time (X3) to maximize the total phenolic content (TPC) of Z. acanthopodium fruit. A Box-Behnken design, part of response surface methodology, was used with three factors at three levels: X1 (50%, 75%, and 100% ethanol in water), X2 (180, 300, and 450 W), and X3 (3, 8.5, and 14 min). The phenolic compounds in the optimized extract were identified using LC-HRMS, and its antioxidant activity was measured using radical scavenging activity assays. The statistical analysis indicated a significant quadratic model (p-value < 0.05), with a high R2 of 86.25%. Optimal conditions for maximum TPC (159.637 ± 5.72 mg GAE/g) were achieved with 50% ethanol, 450 W, and 8.5 min, outperforming conventional extraction methods. Compared to the non-optimized extract, the optimized extract also exhibited strong antioxidant activity, particularly in DPPH radical inhibition. This method successfully optimized TPC in Z. acanthopodium fruit, enhancing its antioxidant properties.https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/95922zanthoxylum acanthopodium dc.phenolresponse surface methodologymicrowave-assisted extractionantioxidant |
| spellingShingle | Sumaiyah Sumaiyah Retno Murwanti Didi Nurhadi Illian Muhammad Fauzan Lubis Keshia Tampubolon New Insights of Response Surface Methodology Approach in Optimizing Total Phenolic Content of <i>Zanthoxylum acanthopodium</i> DC. Fruit Extracted Using Microwave-Assisted Extraction and the Impact to Antioxidant Activity Indonesian Journal of Chemistry zanthoxylum acanthopodium dc. phenol response surface methodology microwave-assisted extraction antioxidant |
| title | New Insights of Response Surface Methodology Approach in Optimizing Total Phenolic Content of <i>Zanthoxylum acanthopodium</i> DC. Fruit Extracted Using Microwave-Assisted Extraction and the Impact to Antioxidant Activity |
| title_full | New Insights of Response Surface Methodology Approach in Optimizing Total Phenolic Content of <i>Zanthoxylum acanthopodium</i> DC. Fruit Extracted Using Microwave-Assisted Extraction and the Impact to Antioxidant Activity |
| title_fullStr | New Insights of Response Surface Methodology Approach in Optimizing Total Phenolic Content of <i>Zanthoxylum acanthopodium</i> DC. Fruit Extracted Using Microwave-Assisted Extraction and the Impact to Antioxidant Activity |
| title_full_unstemmed | New Insights of Response Surface Methodology Approach in Optimizing Total Phenolic Content of <i>Zanthoxylum acanthopodium</i> DC. Fruit Extracted Using Microwave-Assisted Extraction and the Impact to Antioxidant Activity |
| title_short | New Insights of Response Surface Methodology Approach in Optimizing Total Phenolic Content of <i>Zanthoxylum acanthopodium</i> DC. Fruit Extracted Using Microwave-Assisted Extraction and the Impact to Antioxidant Activity |
| title_sort | new insights of response surface methodology approach in optimizing total phenolic content of i zanthoxylum acanthopodium i dc fruit extracted using microwave assisted extraction and the impact to antioxidant activity |
| topic | zanthoxylum acanthopodium dc. phenol response surface methodology microwave-assisted extraction antioxidant |
| url | https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/95922 |
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