Oxygen-delivery nanoparticles enhanced immunotherapy efficacy monitored by granzyme B PET imaging in malignant tumors

Abstract Limited treatment response and inadequate monitoring methods stand firmly before successful immunotherapy. Recruiting and activating immune cells in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment is the key to reversing immune suppression and improving immunotherapy efficacy. In this study, biomimetic...

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Main Authors: Xingyi Wang, Hanyi Fang, Wenzhu Hu, Yuan Feng, Zhangyongxue Zhou, Mengyan Hu, Dawei Jiang, Yongxue Zhang, Xiaoli Lan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Nanobiotechnology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03257-6
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author Xingyi Wang
Hanyi Fang
Wenzhu Hu
Yuan Feng
Zhangyongxue Zhou
Mengyan Hu
Dawei Jiang
Yongxue Zhang
Xiaoli Lan
author_facet Xingyi Wang
Hanyi Fang
Wenzhu Hu
Yuan Feng
Zhangyongxue Zhou
Mengyan Hu
Dawei Jiang
Yongxue Zhang
Xiaoli Lan
author_sort Xingyi Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Limited treatment response and inadequate monitoring methods stand firmly before successful immunotherapy. Recruiting and activating immune cells in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment is the key to reversing immune suppression and improving immunotherapy efficacy. In this study, biomimetic oxygen-delivering nanoparticles (CmPF) are engineered for homologous targeting and hypoxia alleviation within the tumor environment. CmPF targets the tumor microenvironment and delivers oxygen to reduce hypoxia, thereby promoting immune cell activity at the tumor site. In addition, granzyme B-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is employed to monitor immune cell activity changes in response to immunotherapy efficacy in vivo. The combination of CmPF with carboplatin and PD-1 inhibitors significantly suppresses tumor growth by 2.4-fold, exhibiting the potential of CmPF to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. Immunohistochemistry further confirms increased expression of key immune markers, highlighting the reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment. This study demonstrates that hypoxia alleviation enhances tumor immunotherapy efficacy and introduces a non-invasive PET imaging method for dynamic, real-time assessment of therapeutic response.
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institution OA Journals
issn 1477-3155
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series Journal of Nanobiotechnology
spelling doaj-art-a3f968d35ea94f668f21d5759bb720a72025-08-20T01:57:51ZengBMCJournal of Nanobiotechnology1477-31552025-03-0123111510.1186/s12951-025-03257-6Oxygen-delivery nanoparticles enhanced immunotherapy efficacy monitored by granzyme B PET imaging in malignant tumorsXingyi Wang0Hanyi Fang1Wenzhu Hu2Yuan Feng3Zhangyongxue Zhou4Mengyan Hu5Dawei Jiang6Yongxue Zhang7Xiaoli Lan8Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyAbstract Limited treatment response and inadequate monitoring methods stand firmly before successful immunotherapy. Recruiting and activating immune cells in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment is the key to reversing immune suppression and improving immunotherapy efficacy. In this study, biomimetic oxygen-delivering nanoparticles (CmPF) are engineered for homologous targeting and hypoxia alleviation within the tumor environment. CmPF targets the tumor microenvironment and delivers oxygen to reduce hypoxia, thereby promoting immune cell activity at the tumor site. In addition, granzyme B-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is employed to monitor immune cell activity changes in response to immunotherapy efficacy in vivo. The combination of CmPF with carboplatin and PD-1 inhibitors significantly suppresses tumor growth by 2.4-fold, exhibiting the potential of CmPF to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. Immunohistochemistry further confirms increased expression of key immune markers, highlighting the reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment. This study demonstrates that hypoxia alleviation enhances tumor immunotherapy efficacy and introduces a non-invasive PET imaging method for dynamic, real-time assessment of therapeutic response.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03257-6HypoxiaOxygen delivery nanoparticlesImmunotherapyGranzyme BPositron emission tomography imaging
spellingShingle Xingyi Wang
Hanyi Fang
Wenzhu Hu
Yuan Feng
Zhangyongxue Zhou
Mengyan Hu
Dawei Jiang
Yongxue Zhang
Xiaoli Lan
Oxygen-delivery nanoparticles enhanced immunotherapy efficacy monitored by granzyme B PET imaging in malignant tumors
Journal of Nanobiotechnology
Hypoxia
Oxygen delivery nanoparticles
Immunotherapy
Granzyme B
Positron emission tomography imaging
title Oxygen-delivery nanoparticles enhanced immunotherapy efficacy monitored by granzyme B PET imaging in malignant tumors
title_full Oxygen-delivery nanoparticles enhanced immunotherapy efficacy monitored by granzyme B PET imaging in malignant tumors
title_fullStr Oxygen-delivery nanoparticles enhanced immunotherapy efficacy monitored by granzyme B PET imaging in malignant tumors
title_full_unstemmed Oxygen-delivery nanoparticles enhanced immunotherapy efficacy monitored by granzyme B PET imaging in malignant tumors
title_short Oxygen-delivery nanoparticles enhanced immunotherapy efficacy monitored by granzyme B PET imaging in malignant tumors
title_sort oxygen delivery nanoparticles enhanced immunotherapy efficacy monitored by granzyme b pet imaging in malignant tumors
topic Hypoxia
Oxygen delivery nanoparticles
Immunotherapy
Granzyme B
Positron emission tomography imaging
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03257-6
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