Refractory postoperative Staphylococcus hominis bacteremia in a patient with an ACTH-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm: a case report

Abstract Background Staphylococcus hominis (S. hominis) is an opportunistic pathogen that is often highly resistant to antibiotics and is difficult to treat. In patients diagnosed with an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-producing tumor that compromises the immune system due to hypercortisolemia,...

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Main Authors: Ryuta Muraki, Yoshifumi Morita, Kyota Tatsuta, Shinya Ida, Ryo Kitajima, Amane Hirotsu, Makoto Takeda, Hirotoshi Kikuchi, Yoshihiro Hiramatsu, Atsuko Fukazawa, Go Kuroda, Keisuke Kakizawa, Hiroya Takeuchi
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Language:English
Published: Japan Surgical Society 2022-06-01
Series:Surgical Case Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40792-022-01485-8
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author Ryuta Muraki
Yoshifumi Morita
Kyota Tatsuta
Shinya Ida
Ryo Kitajima
Amane Hirotsu
Makoto Takeda
Hirotoshi Kikuchi
Yoshihiro Hiramatsu
Atsuko Fukazawa
Go Kuroda
Keisuke Kakizawa
Hiroya Takeuchi
author_facet Ryuta Muraki
Yoshifumi Morita
Kyota Tatsuta
Shinya Ida
Ryo Kitajima
Amane Hirotsu
Makoto Takeda
Hirotoshi Kikuchi
Yoshihiro Hiramatsu
Atsuko Fukazawa
Go Kuroda
Keisuke Kakizawa
Hiroya Takeuchi
author_sort Ryuta Muraki
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Staphylococcus hominis (S. hominis) is an opportunistic pathogen that is often highly resistant to antibiotics and is difficult to treat. In patients diagnosed with an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-producing tumor that compromises the immune system due to hypercortisolemia, cancer treatment and infection control should be considered simultaneously. This report presents a case of refractory postoperative S. hominis bacteremia requiring the prolonged administration of several antibiotics in a patient with an ACTH-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (pNEN). Case presentation A 35-year-old man visited a neighboring hospital for a thorough examination after experiencing weight gain and lower limb weakness for several months. Enhanced computed tomography revealed a pancreatic tail tumor and bilateral adrenal enlargement. Elevated plasma ACTH and serum cortisol were noted. Biopsy under endoscopic ultrasonography revealed the tumor as an ACTH-producing pNEN. The patient was transferred to our hospital for further treatment. Pneumocystis pneumonia was noted and treated with sulfamethoxazole and adjunctive glucocorticoids. Hypercortisolism was controlled with metyrapone and trilostane. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and ethoxybenzyl magnetic resonance imaging detected other lesions in the pancreatic head. A total pancreatectomy was performed given that the lesions were found in both the pancreatic head and tail. Plasma ACTH and serum cortisol levels decreased immediately after the resection. Pathological examination revealed that the pancreatic tail tumor was NEN G2 and T3N1aM0 Stage IIB and the pancreatic head lesions were SSTR-positive hyperplasia of the islet of Langerhans cells. On postoperative day 11, catheter-associated bacteremia occurred. Initially, meropenem hydrate and vancomycin hydrochloride were administered empirically. S. hominis was identified and appeared sensitive to these antibiotics according to susceptibility testing. However, S. hominis was repeatedly positive in blood cultures for more than one month, despite treatment with several antibiotics. Eventually, with the combined use of three antibiotics (meropenem hydrate, vancomycin hydrochloride, and clindamycin phosphate) for more than 3 weeks, the S. hominis-associated bacteremia improved. He was discharged 79 days after surgery. Conclusions Our patient with an ACTH-producing pNEN was immunocompromised and needed meticulous attention for infectious complications even after successful tumor removal. Specifically, S. hominis bacteremia in such patients demands intensive treatments, such as with combinational antibiotics.
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series Surgical Case Reports
spelling doaj-art-a3eef4f8ee124d319d46d6dd49e312962025-08-20T03:56:59ZengJapan Surgical SocietySurgical Case Reports2198-77932022-06-01811810.1186/s40792-022-01485-8Refractory postoperative Staphylococcus hominis bacteremia in a patient with an ACTH-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm: a case reportRyuta Muraki0Yoshifumi Morita1Kyota Tatsuta2Shinya Ida3Ryo Kitajima4Amane Hirotsu5Makoto Takeda6Hirotoshi Kikuchi7Yoshihiro Hiramatsu8Atsuko Fukazawa9Go Kuroda10Keisuke Kakizawa11Hiroya Takeuchi12Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineDepartment of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineDepartment of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineDepartment of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineDepartment of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineDepartment of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineDepartment of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineDepartment of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineDepartment of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Iwata City HospitalDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineDepartment of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineAbstract Background Staphylococcus hominis (S. hominis) is an opportunistic pathogen that is often highly resistant to antibiotics and is difficult to treat. In patients diagnosed with an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-producing tumor that compromises the immune system due to hypercortisolemia, cancer treatment and infection control should be considered simultaneously. This report presents a case of refractory postoperative S. hominis bacteremia requiring the prolonged administration of several antibiotics in a patient with an ACTH-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (pNEN). Case presentation A 35-year-old man visited a neighboring hospital for a thorough examination after experiencing weight gain and lower limb weakness for several months. Enhanced computed tomography revealed a pancreatic tail tumor and bilateral adrenal enlargement. Elevated plasma ACTH and serum cortisol were noted. Biopsy under endoscopic ultrasonography revealed the tumor as an ACTH-producing pNEN. The patient was transferred to our hospital for further treatment. Pneumocystis pneumonia was noted and treated with sulfamethoxazole and adjunctive glucocorticoids. Hypercortisolism was controlled with metyrapone and trilostane. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and ethoxybenzyl magnetic resonance imaging detected other lesions in the pancreatic head. A total pancreatectomy was performed given that the lesions were found in both the pancreatic head and tail. Plasma ACTH and serum cortisol levels decreased immediately after the resection. Pathological examination revealed that the pancreatic tail tumor was NEN G2 and T3N1aM0 Stage IIB and the pancreatic head lesions were SSTR-positive hyperplasia of the islet of Langerhans cells. On postoperative day 11, catheter-associated bacteremia occurred. Initially, meropenem hydrate and vancomycin hydrochloride were administered empirically. S. hominis was identified and appeared sensitive to these antibiotics according to susceptibility testing. However, S. hominis was repeatedly positive in blood cultures for more than one month, despite treatment with several antibiotics. Eventually, with the combined use of three antibiotics (meropenem hydrate, vancomycin hydrochloride, and clindamycin phosphate) for more than 3 weeks, the S. hominis-associated bacteremia improved. He was discharged 79 days after surgery. Conclusions Our patient with an ACTH-producing pNEN was immunocompromised and needed meticulous attention for infectious complications even after successful tumor removal. Specifically, S. hominis bacteremia in such patients demands intensive treatments, such as with combinational antibiotics.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40792-022-01485-8Staphylococcus hominisACTH-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasmCatheter-associated bacteremia
spellingShingle Ryuta Muraki
Yoshifumi Morita
Kyota Tatsuta
Shinya Ida
Ryo Kitajima
Amane Hirotsu
Makoto Takeda
Hirotoshi Kikuchi
Yoshihiro Hiramatsu
Atsuko Fukazawa
Go Kuroda
Keisuke Kakizawa
Hiroya Takeuchi
Refractory postoperative Staphylococcus hominis bacteremia in a patient with an ACTH-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm: a case report
Surgical Case Reports
Staphylococcus hominis
ACTH-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm
Catheter-associated bacteremia
title Refractory postoperative Staphylococcus hominis bacteremia in a patient with an ACTH-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm: a case report
title_full Refractory postoperative Staphylococcus hominis bacteremia in a patient with an ACTH-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm: a case report
title_fullStr Refractory postoperative Staphylococcus hominis bacteremia in a patient with an ACTH-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm: a case report
title_full_unstemmed Refractory postoperative Staphylococcus hominis bacteremia in a patient with an ACTH-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm: a case report
title_short Refractory postoperative Staphylococcus hominis bacteremia in a patient with an ACTH-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm: a case report
title_sort refractory postoperative staphylococcus hominis bacteremia in a patient with an acth producing pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm a case report
topic Staphylococcus hominis
ACTH-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm
Catheter-associated bacteremia
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40792-022-01485-8
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