Cost-sharing in Parking Games

In this paper, we study the total displacement statistic of parking functions from the perspective of cooperative game theory. We introduce parking games, which are coalitional cost-sharing games in characteristic function form derived from the total displacement statistic. We show that parking game...

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Main Authors: Jennifer Elder, Pamela E. Harris, Jan Kretschmann, J. Carlos Martínez Mori
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science 2024-11-01
Series:Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science
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Online Access:http://dmtcs.episciences.org/13113/pdf
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author Jennifer Elder
Pamela E. Harris
Jan Kretschmann
J. Carlos Martínez Mori
author_facet Jennifer Elder
Pamela E. Harris
Jan Kretschmann
J. Carlos Martínez Mori
author_sort Jennifer Elder
collection DOAJ
description In this paper, we study the total displacement statistic of parking functions from the perspective of cooperative game theory. We introduce parking games, which are coalitional cost-sharing games in characteristic function form derived from the total displacement statistic. We show that parking games are supermodular cost-sharing games, indicating that cooperation is difficult (i.e., their core is empty). Next, we study their Shapley value, which formalizes a notion of "fair" cost-sharing and amounts to charging each car for its expected marginal displacement under a random arrival order. Our main contribution is a polynomial-time algorithm to compute the Shapley value of parking games, in contrast with known hardness results on computing the Shapley value of arbitrary games. The algorithm leverages the permutation-invariance of total displacement, combinatorial enumeration, and dynamic programming. We conclude with open questions around an alternative solution concept for supermodular cost-sharing games and connections to other areas in combinatorics.
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publishDate 2024-11-01
publisher Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science
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series Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science
spelling doaj-art-a3dfb287411f4e948a35385c399f42552025-08-20T01:49:33ZengDiscrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer ScienceDiscrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science1365-80502024-11-01vol. 26:3Combinatorics10.46298/dmtcs.1311313113Cost-sharing in Parking GamesJennifer ElderPamela E. HarrisJan KretschmannJ. Carlos Martínez MoriIn this paper, we study the total displacement statistic of parking functions from the perspective of cooperative game theory. We introduce parking games, which are coalitional cost-sharing games in characteristic function form derived from the total displacement statistic. We show that parking games are supermodular cost-sharing games, indicating that cooperation is difficult (i.e., their core is empty). Next, we study their Shapley value, which formalizes a notion of "fair" cost-sharing and amounts to charging each car for its expected marginal displacement under a random arrival order. Our main contribution is a polynomial-time algorithm to compute the Shapley value of parking games, in contrast with known hardness results on computing the Shapley value of arbitrary games. The algorithm leverages the permutation-invariance of total displacement, combinatorial enumeration, and dynamic programming. We conclude with open questions around an alternative solution concept for supermodular cost-sharing games and connections to other areas in combinatorics.http://dmtcs.episciences.org/13113/pdfmathematics - combinatoricscomputer science - discrete mathematicscomputer science - computer science and game theory05a05, 91a12, 91a46
spellingShingle Jennifer Elder
Pamela E. Harris
Jan Kretschmann
J. Carlos Martínez Mori
Cost-sharing in Parking Games
Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science
mathematics - combinatorics
computer science - discrete mathematics
computer science - computer science and game theory
05a05, 91a12, 91a46
title Cost-sharing in Parking Games
title_full Cost-sharing in Parking Games
title_fullStr Cost-sharing in Parking Games
title_full_unstemmed Cost-sharing in Parking Games
title_short Cost-sharing in Parking Games
title_sort cost sharing in parking games
topic mathematics - combinatorics
computer science - discrete mathematics
computer science - computer science and game theory
05a05, 91a12, 91a46
url http://dmtcs.episciences.org/13113/pdf
work_keys_str_mv AT jenniferelder costsharinginparkinggames
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AT jankretschmann costsharinginparkinggames
AT jcarlosmartinezmori costsharinginparkinggames