Accurate Identification of Cell Cycle Stages in RPE1 Cells Using the ImmunoCellCycle-ID Method

Accurate identification of cell cycle stages is essential for investigating fundamental biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and tumorigenesis. While flow cytometry remains a widely used technique for such analyses, it is limited by its lack of single-cell resolution and its...

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Main Authors: Syon Reddy, Yu-Lin Chen, Aussie Suzuki
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Bio-protocol LLC 2025-08-01
Series:Bio-Protocol
Online Access:https://bio-protocol.org/en/bpdetail?id=5407&type=0
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author Syon Reddy
Yu-Lin Chen
Aussie Suzuki
author_facet Syon Reddy
Yu-Lin Chen
Aussie Suzuki
author_sort Syon Reddy
collection DOAJ
description Accurate identification of cell cycle stages is essential for investigating fundamental biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and tumorigenesis. While flow cytometry remains a widely used technique for such analyses, it is limited by its lack of single-cell resolution and its requirement for large sample sizes due to its population-based approach. These limitations underscore the need for alternative or complementary methods that offer single-cell precision with compatibility for small-scale applications. We present ImmunoCellCycle-ID, an immunofluorescence-based method that leverages the spatial distribution of endogenous markers, such as DNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), centromere protein F (CENP-F), and centromere protein C (CENP-C), to reliably distinguish G1, early S, late S, early G2, late G2, and all mitotic sub-stages. This technique does not rely on precise signal quantification and utilizes standard immunofluorescence protocols alongside conventional laboratory microscopes, ensuring broad accessibility. Importantly, ImmunoCellCycle-ID detects endogenous proteins without the need for genetic modification, making it readily applicable to a wide range of human cell lines. Beyond its utility for single-cell resolution, the method can be scaled for population-level analyses, similar to flow cytometry. With its precision, versatility, and ease of implementation, ImmunoCellCycle-ID offers a powerful tool for high-resolution cell cycle profiling across diverse experimental platforms.
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issn 2331-8325
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spelling doaj-art-a3befd44874343bfa3a409cc4e152d672025-08-20T04:01:57ZengBio-protocol LLCBio-Protocol2331-83252025-08-01151510.21769/BioProtoc.5407Accurate Identification of Cell Cycle Stages in RPE1 Cells Using the ImmunoCellCycle-ID MethodSyon Reddy0Yu-Lin Chen1Aussie Suzuki2McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USAMcArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USAMcArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USACarbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USAAccurate identification of cell cycle stages is essential for investigating fundamental biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and tumorigenesis. While flow cytometry remains a widely used technique for such analyses, it is limited by its lack of single-cell resolution and its requirement for large sample sizes due to its population-based approach. These limitations underscore the need for alternative or complementary methods that offer single-cell precision with compatibility for small-scale applications. We present ImmunoCellCycle-ID, an immunofluorescence-based method that leverages the spatial distribution of endogenous markers, such as DNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), centromere protein F (CENP-F), and centromere protein C (CENP-C), to reliably distinguish G1, early S, late S, early G2, late G2, and all mitotic sub-stages. This technique does not rely on precise signal quantification and utilizes standard immunofluorescence protocols alongside conventional laboratory microscopes, ensuring broad accessibility. Importantly, ImmunoCellCycle-ID detects endogenous proteins without the need for genetic modification, making it readily applicable to a wide range of human cell lines. Beyond its utility for single-cell resolution, the method can be scaled for population-level analyses, similar to flow cytometry. With its precision, versatility, and ease of implementation, ImmunoCellCycle-ID offers a powerful tool for high-resolution cell cycle profiling across diverse experimental platforms.https://bio-protocol.org/en/bpdetail?id=5407&type=0
spellingShingle Syon Reddy
Yu-Lin Chen
Aussie Suzuki
Accurate Identification of Cell Cycle Stages in RPE1 Cells Using the ImmunoCellCycle-ID Method
Bio-Protocol
title Accurate Identification of Cell Cycle Stages in RPE1 Cells Using the ImmunoCellCycle-ID Method
title_full Accurate Identification of Cell Cycle Stages in RPE1 Cells Using the ImmunoCellCycle-ID Method
title_fullStr Accurate Identification of Cell Cycle Stages in RPE1 Cells Using the ImmunoCellCycle-ID Method
title_full_unstemmed Accurate Identification of Cell Cycle Stages in RPE1 Cells Using the ImmunoCellCycle-ID Method
title_short Accurate Identification of Cell Cycle Stages in RPE1 Cells Using the ImmunoCellCycle-ID Method
title_sort accurate identification of cell cycle stages in rpe1 cells using the immunocellcycle id method
url https://bio-protocol.org/en/bpdetail?id=5407&type=0
work_keys_str_mv AT syonreddy accurateidentificationofcellcyclestagesinrpe1cellsusingtheimmunocellcycleidmethod
AT yulinchen accurateidentificationofcellcyclestagesinrpe1cellsusingtheimmunocellcycleidmethod
AT aussiesuzuki accurateidentificationofcellcyclestagesinrpe1cellsusingtheimmunocellcycleidmethod