Tail of defence: an almost complete tail skeleton of Plateosaurus (Sauropodomorpha, Late Triassic) reveals possible defence strategies

In 2015, a partial skeleton of the Late Triassic dinosaur Plateosaurus trossingensis was excavated from Frick, Switzerland, and subsequently mounted at the Natural History Museum of Vienna in 2021. This specimen includes an almost complete series of tail vertebrae, with a well-preserved, articulated...

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Main Authors: Thomas Filek, Matthias Kranner, Ben Pabst, Ursula B. Göhlich
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Royal Society 2025-05-01
Series:Royal Society Open Science
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Online Access:https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.250325
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author Thomas Filek
Matthias Kranner
Ben Pabst
Ursula B. Göhlich
author_facet Thomas Filek
Matthias Kranner
Ben Pabst
Ursula B. Göhlich
author_sort Thomas Filek
collection DOAJ
description In 2015, a partial skeleton of the Late Triassic dinosaur Plateosaurus trossingensis was excavated from Frick, Switzerland, and subsequently mounted at the Natural History Museum of Vienna in 2021. This specimen includes an almost complete series of tail vertebrae, with a well-preserved, articulated whip-like distal end. The preserved tail structure provides valuable insights into the morphological implications of tail function and its potential role in the behaviour of Plateosaurus. Using the caudal vertebrae, we reconstructed and analysed the potential tail-lashing capabilities of Plateosaurus, comparing its biomechanics with those of other fossil and extant long-tailed reptilian taxa, including the extinct sauropod Diplodocus, the extant Asian water monitor (Varanus salvator), and the green iguana (Iguana iguana). Our results indicate that the tail of P. trossingensis was highly flexible, with an estimated kinetic energy output ranging between 0.537 and 1.616 kJ during rapid strikes, comparable to the defensive tail use observed in modern reptiles. These findings suggest that tail-whipping may have played a role in predator deterrence and intraspecific interactions in Plateosaurus.
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spelling doaj-art-a3bdfdf92986467d82bdc676c33b8ab42025-08-20T03:47:41ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032025-05-0112510.1098/rsos.250325Tail of defence: an almost complete tail skeleton of Plateosaurus (Sauropodomorpha, Late Triassic) reveals possible defence strategiesThomas Filek0Matthias Kranner1Ben Pabst2Ursula B. Göhlich3Department of Paleontology, University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaAbt.10 geologischer Dienst, Ref.102 Landesaufnahme Geologie und Geogefahren, Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt, Hof/Saale, GermanyUniversity of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandDepartment of Geology and Paleontology, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, AustriaIn 2015, a partial skeleton of the Late Triassic dinosaur Plateosaurus trossingensis was excavated from Frick, Switzerland, and subsequently mounted at the Natural History Museum of Vienna in 2021. This specimen includes an almost complete series of tail vertebrae, with a well-preserved, articulated whip-like distal end. The preserved tail structure provides valuable insights into the morphological implications of tail function and its potential role in the behaviour of Plateosaurus. Using the caudal vertebrae, we reconstructed and analysed the potential tail-lashing capabilities of Plateosaurus, comparing its biomechanics with those of other fossil and extant long-tailed reptilian taxa, including the extinct sauropod Diplodocus, the extant Asian water monitor (Varanus salvator), and the green iguana (Iguana iguana). Our results indicate that the tail of P. trossingensis was highly flexible, with an estimated kinetic energy output ranging between 0.537 and 1.616 kJ during rapid strikes, comparable to the defensive tail use observed in modern reptiles. These findings suggest that tail-whipping may have played a role in predator deterrence and intraspecific interactions in Plateosaurus.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.250325Plateosaurusbehaviourdefence strategyTriassicFrick, Switzerland
spellingShingle Thomas Filek
Matthias Kranner
Ben Pabst
Ursula B. Göhlich
Tail of defence: an almost complete tail skeleton of Plateosaurus (Sauropodomorpha, Late Triassic) reveals possible defence strategies
Royal Society Open Science
Plateosaurus
behaviour
defence strategy
Triassic
Frick, Switzerland
title Tail of defence: an almost complete tail skeleton of Plateosaurus (Sauropodomorpha, Late Triassic) reveals possible defence strategies
title_full Tail of defence: an almost complete tail skeleton of Plateosaurus (Sauropodomorpha, Late Triassic) reveals possible defence strategies
title_fullStr Tail of defence: an almost complete tail skeleton of Plateosaurus (Sauropodomorpha, Late Triassic) reveals possible defence strategies
title_full_unstemmed Tail of defence: an almost complete tail skeleton of Plateosaurus (Sauropodomorpha, Late Triassic) reveals possible defence strategies
title_short Tail of defence: an almost complete tail skeleton of Plateosaurus (Sauropodomorpha, Late Triassic) reveals possible defence strategies
title_sort tail of defence an almost complete tail skeleton of plateosaurus sauropodomorpha late triassic reveals possible defence strategies
topic Plateosaurus
behaviour
defence strategy
Triassic
Frick, Switzerland
url https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.250325
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