Effect of ammonia concentration on emulsification characteristics of ammonia solution–biodiesel emulsion blends

Effect of ammonia concentration on emulsification characteristics of ammonia solution–biodiesel emulsion blends

Emulsifying ammonia in biodiesel provides an eco-friendly fuel for diesel engines by reducing NOx emissions. Research on this emulsification for diesel engines is still in its early stages with limited studies available. The characteristics of ABEF at various ammonia concentrations are unknown. Unde...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Iman Kasih Telaumbanua, Yoshihiko Oishi, Keisuke Yagi, Yu Tanaka, Riky Stepanus Situmorang, Himsar Ambarita, Hideki Kawai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Fuel Processing Technology
Subjects:
Ammonia solution
Emulsion fuel
Emulsion stability
Repulsive force
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382025000578
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