Bulge Oscillation Driven by Outflows of Active Galactic Nuclei. I. Fast Outflow Case
There is growing evidence for star formation inside outflows of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The formed stars are injected into bulges and give rise to perturbation of bulges. In this paper, we investigate the issues of nonrotating, spherically symmetric bulges under the perturbation of fast, mass...
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IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada275 |
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| author | Yue-Chang Peng Jian-Min Wang Yu Zhao Luis C. Ho |
| author_facet | Yue-Chang Peng Jian-Min Wang Yu Zhao Luis C. Ho |
| author_sort | Yue-Chang Peng |
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| description | There is growing evidence for star formation inside outflows of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The formed stars are injected into bulges and give rise to perturbation of bulges. In this paper, we investigate the issues of nonrotating, spherically symmetric bulges under the perturbation of fast, massive outflows with stars formed inside. We show that the potential perturbation of outflows, together with injection and dynamical friction of these stars, could drive bulge oscillations. Still, we find that nonzero radial velocity of bulges will be driven by the episodic outflows of AGNs, and after the AGN has quenched, the radial velocity will tend to zero within a timescale ~ τ _AGN , which is the AGN's lifetime. For some typical values of bulges and AGNs, we find that the expansion and contraction velocities are a few × 10 km s ^−1 for 10 ^10 M _⊙ bulges and mass outflowing rate 500 M _⊙ yr ^−1 , which would give observational signatures. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-a3ae15e46b8a4fe2962c5538a7e81c9c2025-01-31T11:27:43ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-0198012210.3847/1538-4357/ada275Bulge Oscillation Driven by Outflows of Active Galactic Nuclei. I. Fast Outflow CaseYue-Chang Peng0https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2592-7699Jian-Min Wang1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9449-9268Yu Zhao2Luis C. Ho3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6947-5846Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics , Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China ; wangjm@ihep.ac.cn; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics , Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China ; wangjm@ihep.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China; National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 20A Datun Road, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics , Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China ; wangjm@ihep.ac.cn; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of ChinaKavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China; Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of ChinaThere is growing evidence for star formation inside outflows of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The formed stars are injected into bulges and give rise to perturbation of bulges. In this paper, we investigate the issues of nonrotating, spherically symmetric bulges under the perturbation of fast, massive outflows with stars formed inside. We show that the potential perturbation of outflows, together with injection and dynamical friction of these stars, could drive bulge oscillations. Still, we find that nonzero radial velocity of bulges will be driven by the episodic outflows of AGNs, and after the AGN has quenched, the radial velocity will tend to zero within a timescale ~ τ _AGN , which is the AGN's lifetime. For some typical values of bulges and AGNs, we find that the expansion and contraction velocities are a few × 10 km s ^−1 for 10 ^10 M _⊙ bulges and mass outflowing rate 500 M _⊙ yr ^−1 , which would give observational signatures.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada275Active galactic nucleiSupermassive black holesGalaxies |
| spellingShingle | Yue-Chang Peng Jian-Min Wang Yu Zhao Luis C. Ho Bulge Oscillation Driven by Outflows of Active Galactic Nuclei. I. Fast Outflow Case The Astrophysical Journal Active galactic nuclei Supermassive black holes Galaxies |
| title | Bulge Oscillation Driven by Outflows of Active Galactic Nuclei. I. Fast Outflow Case |
| title_full | Bulge Oscillation Driven by Outflows of Active Galactic Nuclei. I. Fast Outflow Case |
| title_fullStr | Bulge Oscillation Driven by Outflows of Active Galactic Nuclei. I. Fast Outflow Case |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bulge Oscillation Driven by Outflows of Active Galactic Nuclei. I. Fast Outflow Case |
| title_short | Bulge Oscillation Driven by Outflows of Active Galactic Nuclei. I. Fast Outflow Case |
| title_sort | bulge oscillation driven by outflows of active galactic nuclei i fast outflow case |
| topic | Active galactic nuclei Supermassive black holes Galaxies |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada275 |
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