Prospective and Longitudinal Analysis of Lymphocyte Subpopulations in SARS-CoV-2 Positive and Negative Pneumonia: Potential Role of Decreased Naïve CD8<sup>+</sup> in COVID-19 Patients
<b>Background</b>: During the acute phase of COVID-19, a number of immunological abnormalities have been reported, but few studies longitudinally analyzed the specific subsets of peripheral blood lymphocytes. <b>Methods</b>: In this observational, prospective, and longitudina...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Makhabbat Bekbossynova Lyudmila Akhmaltdinova Kuanysh Dossybayeva Ainur Tauekelova Zauresh Smagulova Tatyana Tsechoeva Gulsimzhan Turebayeva Aliya Sailybayeva Zhanar Kalila Takhmina Mirashirova Timur Muratov Dimitri Poddighe |
| author_facet | Makhabbat Bekbossynova Lyudmila Akhmaltdinova Kuanysh Dossybayeva Ainur Tauekelova Zauresh Smagulova Tatyana Tsechoeva Gulsimzhan Turebayeva Aliya Sailybayeva Zhanar Kalila Takhmina Mirashirova Timur Muratov Dimitri Poddighe |
| author_sort | Makhabbat Bekbossynova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background</b>: During the acute phase of COVID-19, a number of immunological abnormalities have been reported, but few studies longitudinally analyzed the specific subsets of peripheral blood lymphocytes. <b>Methods</b>: In this observational, prospective, and longitudinal study, adult patients developing acute pneumonia during the COVID-19 pandemic have been followed up for 12 months. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were assessed (with a specific focus on the memory markers) at 6 time points after the disease onset until 12 months. <b>Results</b>: A total of 76 patients with acute pneumonia (characterized by a prevalently interstitial pattern of lung inflammation) at the hospital admission (who completed the 12-month follow-up period) were recruited in this study. They were divided into two groups, namely positive (n = 31) and negative (n = 45) patients for the SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. In the acute phase, the general lymphocyte immunophenotyping profile was comparable for most parameters between these groups, except for B cells. When B and T cells were analyzed according to the expression of memory markers, a significant decrease in naïve CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells was observed in the SARS-CoV-2-positive pneumonia group during the acute phase. Notably, this aspect was maintained during the follow-up period for at least 9 months. <b>Conclusions</b>: COVID-19 pneumonia seems to be associated with a lower number of naïve CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells compared to pneumonia patients negative for this virus. This alteration can persist in the convalescent phase. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a3ac61c52e5d4946b3dda4014b5bbab2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj-art-a3ac61c52e5d4946b3dda4014b5bbab22025-01-24T13:52:21ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152024-12-011714110.3390/v17010041Prospective and Longitudinal Analysis of Lymphocyte Subpopulations in SARS-CoV-2 Positive and Negative Pneumonia: Potential Role of Decreased Naïve CD8<sup>+</sup> in COVID-19 PatientsMakhabbat Bekbossynova0Lyudmila Akhmaltdinova1Kuanysh Dossybayeva2Ainur Tauekelova3Zauresh Smagulova4Tatyana Tsechoeva5Gulsimzhan Turebayeva6Aliya Sailybayeva7Zhanar Kalila8Takhmina Mirashirova9Timur Muratov10Dimitri Poddighe11National Research Cardiac Surgery Center, Astana 010000, KazakhstanNational Research Cardiac Surgery Center, Astana 010000, KazakhstanNational Research Cardiac Surgery Center, Astana 010000, KazakhstanNational Research Cardiac Surgery Center, Astana 010000, KazakhstanDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Astana Medical University, Astana 010000, KazakhstanDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Astana Medical University, Astana 010000, KazakhstanDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Astana Medical University, Astana 010000, KazakhstanNational Research Cardiac Surgery Center, Astana 010000, KazakhstanNational Research Cardiac Surgery Center, Astana 010000, KazakhstanNational Research Cardiac Surgery Center, Astana 010000, KazakhstanDepartment of Public Health of Astana, Astana 010000, KazakhstanSchool of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan<b>Background</b>: During the acute phase of COVID-19, a number of immunological abnormalities have been reported, but few studies longitudinally analyzed the specific subsets of peripheral blood lymphocytes. <b>Methods</b>: In this observational, prospective, and longitudinal study, adult patients developing acute pneumonia during the COVID-19 pandemic have been followed up for 12 months. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were assessed (with a specific focus on the memory markers) at 6 time points after the disease onset until 12 months. <b>Results</b>: A total of 76 patients with acute pneumonia (characterized by a prevalently interstitial pattern of lung inflammation) at the hospital admission (who completed the 12-month follow-up period) were recruited in this study. They were divided into two groups, namely positive (n = 31) and negative (n = 45) patients for the SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. In the acute phase, the general lymphocyte immunophenotyping profile was comparable for most parameters between these groups, except for B cells. When B and T cells were analyzed according to the expression of memory markers, a significant decrease in naïve CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells was observed in the SARS-CoV-2-positive pneumonia group during the acute phase. Notably, this aspect was maintained during the follow-up period for at least 9 months. <b>Conclusions</b>: COVID-19 pneumonia seems to be associated with a lower number of naïve CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells compared to pneumonia patients negative for this virus. This alteration can persist in the convalescent phase.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/1/41pneumoniaSARS-CoV-2COVID-19lymphocyte immunophenotypenaïve CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells |
| spellingShingle | Makhabbat Bekbossynova Lyudmila Akhmaltdinova Kuanysh Dossybayeva Ainur Tauekelova Zauresh Smagulova Tatyana Tsechoeva Gulsimzhan Turebayeva Aliya Sailybayeva Zhanar Kalila Takhmina Mirashirova Timur Muratov Dimitri Poddighe Prospective and Longitudinal Analysis of Lymphocyte Subpopulations in SARS-CoV-2 Positive and Negative Pneumonia: Potential Role of Decreased Naïve CD8<sup>+</sup> in COVID-19 Patients Viruses pneumonia SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 lymphocyte immunophenotype naïve CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells |
| title | Prospective and Longitudinal Analysis of Lymphocyte Subpopulations in SARS-CoV-2 Positive and Negative Pneumonia: Potential Role of Decreased Naïve CD8<sup>+</sup> in COVID-19 Patients |
| title_full | Prospective and Longitudinal Analysis of Lymphocyte Subpopulations in SARS-CoV-2 Positive and Negative Pneumonia: Potential Role of Decreased Naïve CD8<sup>+</sup> in COVID-19 Patients |
| title_fullStr | Prospective and Longitudinal Analysis of Lymphocyte Subpopulations in SARS-CoV-2 Positive and Negative Pneumonia: Potential Role of Decreased Naïve CD8<sup>+</sup> in COVID-19 Patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prospective and Longitudinal Analysis of Lymphocyte Subpopulations in SARS-CoV-2 Positive and Negative Pneumonia: Potential Role of Decreased Naïve CD8<sup>+</sup> in COVID-19 Patients |
| title_short | Prospective and Longitudinal Analysis of Lymphocyte Subpopulations in SARS-CoV-2 Positive and Negative Pneumonia: Potential Role of Decreased Naïve CD8<sup>+</sup> in COVID-19 Patients |
| title_sort | prospective and longitudinal analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations in sars cov 2 positive and negative pneumonia potential role of decreased naive cd8 sup sup in covid 19 patients |
| topic | pneumonia SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 lymphocyte immunophenotype naïve CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/1/41 |
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