Modelling and Using Spatial Effects in Nationwide Historical Data Improve Genomic Prediction of Rice Heading Date in Japan

Abstract Genomic prediction is a promising strategy for enhancing crop breeding efficiency. Historical data of breeding and cultivation tests from geographically wide regions presumably contain rich information for training genomic prediction models. Therefore, it is essential to explore methodologi...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Shoji Taniguchi, Takeshi Hayashi, Hiroshi Nakagawa, Kei Matsushita, Hiromi Kajiya-Kanegae, Jun-Ichi Yonemaru, Akitoshi Goto
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-04-01
Series:Rice
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-025-00778-4
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849726700491898880
author Shoji Taniguchi
Takeshi Hayashi
Hiroshi Nakagawa
Kei Matsushita
Hiromi Kajiya-Kanegae
Jun-Ichi Yonemaru
Akitoshi Goto
author_facet Shoji Taniguchi
Takeshi Hayashi
Hiroshi Nakagawa
Kei Matsushita
Hiromi Kajiya-Kanegae
Jun-Ichi Yonemaru
Akitoshi Goto
author_sort Shoji Taniguchi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Genomic prediction is a promising strategy for enhancing crop breeding efficiency. Historical data of breeding and cultivation tests from geographically wide regions presumably contain rich information for training genomic prediction models. Therefore, it is essential to explore methodologies to effectively handle such data. To improve the prediction accuracy of models using historical data, we incorporated a spatial model to account for spatial structures among field stations, in addition to conventional genomic prediction models. Targeting the rice heading date from historical data across Japan, we first constructed conventional genomic prediction models using genomic and/or meteorological elements as predictors. Next, we obtain the residual terms. Assuming that the residual terms were partly explained by the spatial effects assigned to each field station, a spatial model was applied to the residual terms and the spatial effects were calculated. Our genomic prediction models performed best when the genome, meteorological elements, and genome-meteorology interactions were included (model 3), and they performed second best when the genome and meteorological elements were included (model 2). For these genomic prediction models, residual terms were spatially biased and corrected for spatial effects. For the best model (model 3), the root mean squared errors (RMSE) of genomic prediction combined with spatial effects were approximately 3.6 days under tenfold cross-validation and approximately 5.1 days under leave-one-line-out cross-validation. The inclusion of the spatial effects improved the RMSEs by approximately 15% and 9% for the former and latter, respectively. Lines with highly improved predictions of the spatial effects were developed, mainly in the northern Tohoku region. The spatial effects were heterogeneous and regional patterns were detected. These findings imply that spatial effects are important not only for improving prediction performance but also for dissecting the model itself to identify the factors contributing to model improvement.
format Article
id doaj-art-a3a97a836393483aafc5563b1d3b753b
institution DOAJ
issn 1939-8425
1939-8433
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher SpringerOpen
record_format Article
series Rice
spelling doaj-art-a3a97a836393483aafc5563b1d3b753b2025-08-20T03:10:06ZengSpringerOpenRice1939-84251939-84332025-04-0118111610.1186/s12284-025-00778-4Modelling and Using Spatial Effects in Nationwide Historical Data Improve Genomic Prediction of Rice Heading Date in JapanShoji Taniguchi0Takeshi Hayashi1Hiroshi Nakagawa2Kei Matsushita3Hiromi Kajiya-Kanegae4Jun-Ichi Yonemaru5Akitoshi Goto6Research Center for Agricultural Information Technology, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization (NARO)Research Center for Agricultural Information Technology, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization (NARO)Research Center for Agricultural Information Technology, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization (NARO)Institute of Crop Science, NAROResearch Center for Agricultural Information Technology, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization (NARO)Research Center for Agricultural Information Technology, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization (NARO)Research Center for Agricultural Information Technology, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization (NARO)Abstract Genomic prediction is a promising strategy for enhancing crop breeding efficiency. Historical data of breeding and cultivation tests from geographically wide regions presumably contain rich information for training genomic prediction models. Therefore, it is essential to explore methodologies to effectively handle such data. To improve the prediction accuracy of models using historical data, we incorporated a spatial model to account for spatial structures among field stations, in addition to conventional genomic prediction models. Targeting the rice heading date from historical data across Japan, we first constructed conventional genomic prediction models using genomic and/or meteorological elements as predictors. Next, we obtain the residual terms. Assuming that the residual terms were partly explained by the spatial effects assigned to each field station, a spatial model was applied to the residual terms and the spatial effects were calculated. Our genomic prediction models performed best when the genome, meteorological elements, and genome-meteorology interactions were included (model 3), and they performed second best when the genome and meteorological elements were included (model 2). For these genomic prediction models, residual terms were spatially biased and corrected for spatial effects. For the best model (model 3), the root mean squared errors (RMSE) of genomic prediction combined with spatial effects were approximately 3.6 days under tenfold cross-validation and approximately 5.1 days under leave-one-line-out cross-validation. The inclusion of the spatial effects improved the RMSEs by approximately 15% and 9% for the former and latter, respectively. Lines with highly improved predictions of the spatial effects were developed, mainly in the northern Tohoku region. The spatial effects were heterogeneous and regional patterns were detected. These findings imply that spatial effects are important not only for improving prediction performance but also for dissecting the model itself to identify the factors contributing to model improvement.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-025-00778-4RiceGenomic predictionHeading dateSpatial effects
spellingShingle Shoji Taniguchi
Takeshi Hayashi
Hiroshi Nakagawa
Kei Matsushita
Hiromi Kajiya-Kanegae
Jun-Ichi Yonemaru
Akitoshi Goto
Modelling and Using Spatial Effects in Nationwide Historical Data Improve Genomic Prediction of Rice Heading Date in Japan
Rice
Rice
Genomic prediction
Heading date
Spatial effects
title Modelling and Using Spatial Effects in Nationwide Historical Data Improve Genomic Prediction of Rice Heading Date in Japan
title_full Modelling and Using Spatial Effects in Nationwide Historical Data Improve Genomic Prediction of Rice Heading Date in Japan
title_fullStr Modelling and Using Spatial Effects in Nationwide Historical Data Improve Genomic Prediction of Rice Heading Date in Japan
title_full_unstemmed Modelling and Using Spatial Effects in Nationwide Historical Data Improve Genomic Prediction of Rice Heading Date in Japan
title_short Modelling and Using Spatial Effects in Nationwide Historical Data Improve Genomic Prediction of Rice Heading Date in Japan
title_sort modelling and using spatial effects in nationwide historical data improve genomic prediction of rice heading date in japan
topic Rice
Genomic prediction
Heading date
Spatial effects
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-025-00778-4
work_keys_str_mv AT shojitaniguchi modellingandusingspatialeffectsinnationwidehistoricaldataimprovegenomicpredictionofriceheadingdateinjapan
AT takeshihayashi modellingandusingspatialeffectsinnationwidehistoricaldataimprovegenomicpredictionofriceheadingdateinjapan
AT hiroshinakagawa modellingandusingspatialeffectsinnationwidehistoricaldataimprovegenomicpredictionofriceheadingdateinjapan
AT keimatsushita modellingandusingspatialeffectsinnationwidehistoricaldataimprovegenomicpredictionofriceheadingdateinjapan
AT hiromikajiyakanegae modellingandusingspatialeffectsinnationwidehistoricaldataimprovegenomicpredictionofriceheadingdateinjapan
AT junichiyonemaru modellingandusingspatialeffectsinnationwidehistoricaldataimprovegenomicpredictionofriceheadingdateinjapan
AT akitoshigoto modellingandusingspatialeffectsinnationwidehistoricaldataimprovegenomicpredictionofriceheadingdateinjapan