Trophic eggs affect caste determination in the ant Pogonomyrmex rugosus

Understanding how a single genome creates distinct phenotypes remains a fundamental challenge for biologists. Social insects provide a striking example of polyphenism, with queen and worker castes exhibiting morphological, behavioral, and reproductive differences. Here, we show that trophic eggs, wh...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Eléonore Genzoni, Tanja Schwander, Laurent Keller
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: eLife Sciences Publications Ltd 2025-07-01
Series:eLife
Subjects:
Online Access:https://elifesciences.org/articles/86899
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849253572566319104
author Eléonore Genzoni
Tanja Schwander
Laurent Keller
author_facet Eléonore Genzoni
Tanja Schwander
Laurent Keller
author_sort Eléonore Genzoni
collection DOAJ
description Understanding how a single genome creates distinct phenotypes remains a fundamental challenge for biologists. Social insects provide a striking example of polyphenism, with queen and worker castes exhibiting morphological, behavioral, and reproductive differences. Here, we show that trophic eggs, which do not contain an embryo and are primarily regarded as a source of food, play a role in the process of caste determination in the harvester ant Pogonomyrmex rugosus. When first instar larvae were given access to trophic eggs, they mostly developed into workers. By contrast, larvae without access to trophic eggs developed into queens. We found that trophic eggs differ in many ways from viable eggs, including texture, morphology, and their contents of protein, triglycerides, glycogen, sugar, and small RNAs. Moreover, comparison of miRNA fragment size distributions suggests differences in the composition of miRNAs between the two egg types. This is the first demonstration of trophic eggs playing a role in caste determination in social insects.
format Article
id doaj-art-a39b529b571b43cd94a801db9123fa28
institution Kabale University
issn 2050-084X
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
record_format Article
series eLife
spelling doaj-art-a39b529b571b43cd94a801db9123fa282025-08-20T03:56:17ZengeLife Sciences Publications LtdeLife2050-084X2025-07-011210.7554/eLife.86899Trophic eggs affect caste determination in the ant Pogonomyrmex rugosusEléonore Genzoni0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3152-992XTanja Schwander1Laurent Keller2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5046-9953Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandDepartment of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandDepartment of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Social Evolution Unit, Chesières, SwitzerlandUnderstanding how a single genome creates distinct phenotypes remains a fundamental challenge for biologists. Social insects provide a striking example of polyphenism, with queen and worker castes exhibiting morphological, behavioral, and reproductive differences. Here, we show that trophic eggs, which do not contain an embryo and are primarily regarded as a source of food, play a role in the process of caste determination in the harvester ant Pogonomyrmex rugosus. When first instar larvae were given access to trophic eggs, they mostly developed into workers. By contrast, larvae without access to trophic eggs developed into queens. We found that trophic eggs differ in many ways from viable eggs, including texture, morphology, and their contents of protein, triglycerides, glycogen, sugar, and small RNAs. Moreover, comparison of miRNA fragment size distributions suggests differences in the composition of miRNAs between the two egg types. This is the first demonstration of trophic eggs playing a role in caste determination in social insects.https://elifesciences.org/articles/86899antscaste determinationtrophic eggs
spellingShingle Eléonore Genzoni
Tanja Schwander
Laurent Keller
Trophic eggs affect caste determination in the ant Pogonomyrmex rugosus
eLife
ants
caste determination
trophic eggs
title Trophic eggs affect caste determination in the ant Pogonomyrmex rugosus
title_full Trophic eggs affect caste determination in the ant Pogonomyrmex rugosus
title_fullStr Trophic eggs affect caste determination in the ant Pogonomyrmex rugosus
title_full_unstemmed Trophic eggs affect caste determination in the ant Pogonomyrmex rugosus
title_short Trophic eggs affect caste determination in the ant Pogonomyrmex rugosus
title_sort trophic eggs affect caste determination in the ant pogonomyrmex rugosus
topic ants
caste determination
trophic eggs
url https://elifesciences.org/articles/86899
work_keys_str_mv AT eleonoregenzoni trophiceggsaffectcastedeterminationintheantpogonomyrmexrugosus
AT tanjaschwander trophiceggsaffectcastedeterminationintheantpogonomyrmexrugosus
AT laurentkeller trophiceggsaffectcastedeterminationintheantpogonomyrmexrugosus