Robust organic radical cations with near-unity absorption across solar spectrum

Abstract Developing low-energy-gap materials for efficient photothermal conversion provides promising candidates for solar energy utilization. Herein, we explore the feasibility of employing robust organic radical cations as near-unity solar absorbers for practical seawater evaporation. Gram-scale o...

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Main Authors: Shuai Zhang, Wenbin Huang, Yuxin Zhu, Jian Wang, Feng Cao, Qian Zhang, Engui Zhao, Zikai He
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62581-5
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author Shuai Zhang
Wenbin Huang
Yuxin Zhu
Jian Wang
Feng Cao
Qian Zhang
Engui Zhao
Zikai He
author_facet Shuai Zhang
Wenbin Huang
Yuxin Zhu
Jian Wang
Feng Cao
Qian Zhang
Engui Zhao
Zikai He
author_sort Shuai Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Developing low-energy-gap materials for efficient photothermal conversion provides promising candidates for solar energy utilization. Herein, we explore the feasibility of employing robust organic radical cations as near-unity solar absorbers for practical seawater evaporation. Gram-scale organic radical cations are straightforwardly synthesized through single-electron oxidation. The open-shell structure and intervalence charge-transfer characteristics of radicals enable near-unity absorption of full solar spectral irradiance. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy reveals that the intervalence charge-transfer electron relaxes non-radiatively in femtoseconds, with a rapid rate of 5.26 × 1012 s−1. Notably, the radical cations exhibit exceptional stability, attributed to para-position protection, spin delocalization, and frontier orbital inversion. By simply soaking cellulose paper, a highly efficient interfacial evaporation system is established. Under one sunlight irradiation, the system achieves a remarkable solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency of 97.2%. This work offers new perspectives on designing robust radical systems and developing efficient photothermal conversion materials.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 2041-1723
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publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Nature Communications
spelling doaj-art-a38db162e4464bc19905472e33cbd8882025-08-20T03:43:10ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-08-0116111310.1038/s41467-025-62581-5Robust organic radical cations with near-unity absorption across solar spectrumShuai Zhang0Wenbin Huang1Yuxin Zhu2Jian Wang3Feng Cao4Qian Zhang5Engui Zhao6Zikai He7School of Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, ShenzhenSchool of Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, ShenzhenSchool of Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, ShenzhenSchool of Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, ShenzhenSchool of Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, ShenzhenSchool of Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, ShenzhenSchool of Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, ShenzhenSchool of Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, ShenzhenAbstract Developing low-energy-gap materials for efficient photothermal conversion provides promising candidates for solar energy utilization. Herein, we explore the feasibility of employing robust organic radical cations as near-unity solar absorbers for practical seawater evaporation. Gram-scale organic radical cations are straightforwardly synthesized through single-electron oxidation. The open-shell structure and intervalence charge-transfer characteristics of radicals enable near-unity absorption of full solar spectral irradiance. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy reveals that the intervalence charge-transfer electron relaxes non-radiatively in femtoseconds, with a rapid rate of 5.26 × 1012 s−1. Notably, the radical cations exhibit exceptional stability, attributed to para-position protection, spin delocalization, and frontier orbital inversion. By simply soaking cellulose paper, a highly efficient interfacial evaporation system is established. Under one sunlight irradiation, the system achieves a remarkable solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency of 97.2%. This work offers new perspectives on designing robust radical systems and developing efficient photothermal conversion materials.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62581-5
spellingShingle Shuai Zhang
Wenbin Huang
Yuxin Zhu
Jian Wang
Feng Cao
Qian Zhang
Engui Zhao
Zikai He
Robust organic radical cations with near-unity absorption across solar spectrum
Nature Communications
title Robust organic radical cations with near-unity absorption across solar spectrum
title_full Robust organic radical cations with near-unity absorption across solar spectrum
title_fullStr Robust organic radical cations with near-unity absorption across solar spectrum
title_full_unstemmed Robust organic radical cations with near-unity absorption across solar spectrum
title_short Robust organic radical cations with near-unity absorption across solar spectrum
title_sort robust organic radical cations with near unity absorption across solar spectrum
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62581-5
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