Advances in monkeypox: exploring vaccines and therapeutic drugs for prevention and treatment
The most extensive monkeypox outbreak in history commenced in 2022 and has swiftly disseminated globally. This review aims to succinctly outline host immune reactions to orthopoxviruses, present an insight into available vaccines to counteract the epidemic, and delve into clinical research and an...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
University of Tabriz
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Zoonotic Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://jzd.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_17643.html |
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| Summary: | The most extensive monkeypox outbreak in history commenced in 2022 and has swiftly
disseminated globally. This review aims to succinctly outline host immune reactions to
orthopoxviruses, present an insight into available vaccines to counteract the epidemic,
and delve into clinical research and animal studies examining induced immunity against
monkeypox induced via the vaccinia virus-based monkeypox vaccines. It addresses
current concerns about the outbreak and suggests optimal vaccine utilization as a control
measure. During the 1980s, surveillance studies in Central Africa and subsequent
outbreaks demonstrated that smallpox vaccines were approximately 85% effective against
monkeypox. These findings are substantiated by numerous animal studies, primarily in
primates, involving live virus challenges through different inoculation methods,
consistently showcasing high levels of protection and immunity post-vaccination.
Smallpox vaccines emerge as effective countermeasures for managing monkeypox
outbreaks, although they do entail adverse effects, and second-generation, replicative
vaccines have prohibited usage. Third-generation vaccines pose a challenge for rapid
responses as they require 2 doses, which can be difficult for people with weak immunity.
Insights from the COVID-19 outbreak must guide our collective approach to addressing
the monkeypox outbreak and future outbreaks. |
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| ISSN: | 2717-2910 |