Eco-epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in captive chimpanzees in Gabon

This study investigates the influence of abiotic variables (precipitation, soil surface temperature, and soil water content) and intrinsic factors (sex, age class, and social status) on the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in two populations of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in Gab...

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Main Authors: Mohamed Hassani Mohamed-Djawad, Krista Mapagha-Boundoukou, Neil M. Longo-Pendy, Serge Ely Dibakou, Barthelemy Ngoubangoye, Papa Ibnou Ndiaye, Larson Boundenga
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224425000665
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author Mohamed Hassani Mohamed-Djawad
Krista Mapagha-Boundoukou
Neil M. Longo-Pendy
Serge Ely Dibakou
Barthelemy Ngoubangoye
Papa Ibnou Ndiaye
Larson Boundenga
author_facet Mohamed Hassani Mohamed-Djawad
Krista Mapagha-Boundoukou
Neil M. Longo-Pendy
Serge Ely Dibakou
Barthelemy Ngoubangoye
Papa Ibnou Ndiaye
Larson Boundenga
author_sort Mohamed Hassani Mohamed-Djawad
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates the influence of abiotic variables (precipitation, soil surface temperature, and soil water content) and intrinsic factors (sex, age class, and social status) on the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in two populations of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in Gabon: one in captivity at the Primatology Center of CIRMF (n = 41) and the other in semi-captivity at Lékédi Park (n = 46). A total of 87 fecal samples were analyzed using flotation and sedimentation techniques. Fourteen gastrointestinal parasite taxa were identified, including two novel findings in chimpanzees: Fasciola hepatica and Toxocara sp. The overall prevalence was 85.4 % at the Primatology Center and 95.7 % at Lékédi Park. Binary logistic regression models revealed significant associations between intrinsic traits and parasite occurrence in captive individuals. Juveniles were at higher risk of Balantioides coli infection compared to adults (OR = 7.24; 90 % CI: 2.15–24.3; p = 0.047), while subordinate individuals were less likely to be infected than dominants (OR = 0.08; 90 % CI: 0.02–0.165; p = 0.007). Males were significantly more likely to be infected with strongylid nematodes (Strongylida fam. gen.) than females (OR = 6.58; 90 % CI: 1.90–22.7; p = 0.023). No significant associations were found between intrinsic factors and parasite occurrence in semi-captive individuals. Precipitation was significantly associated with increased infection risks in semi-captive chimpanzees, particularly for Balantioides coli, Entamoeba sp., Mammomonogamus sp., Strongyloides sp., and Trichuris sp. Conversely, in captive chimpanzees, precipitation was negatively associated with Entamoeba sp. and Strongylida fam. gen. Soil surface temperature was inversely correlated with the presence of Balantioides coli, Entamoeba sp., and Mammomonogamus sp. in the semi-captive group. No significant associations were detected between soil water content and parasite occurrence. A Spearman rank correlation analysis revealed a strong positive, though non-significant, relationship between parasite prevalence in soil samples and in captive chimpanzees (ρ = 0.82; p = 0.089).
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spelling doaj-art-a3871ef5a410453aa9bcd2e2c8e0bcb92025-08-20T03:44:58ZengElsevierInternational Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife2213-22442025-08-012710110110.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101101Eco-epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in captive chimpanzees in GabonMohamed Hassani Mohamed-Djawad0Krista Mapagha-Boundoukou1Neil M. Longo-Pendy2Serge Ely Dibakou3Barthelemy Ngoubangoye4Papa Ibnou Ndiaye5Larson Boundenga6Unité de Recherche en Écologie de la Santé (URES), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP 769, Franceville, Gabon; Laboratoire de Biologie évolutive Écologie et Gestion des écosystèmes, Département de Biologie animale, Fa-culté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, SenegalUnité de Recherche en Écologie de la Santé (URES), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP 769, Franceville, GabonUnité de Recherche en Écologie de la Santé (URES), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP 769, Franceville, GabonCentre De Primatologie (CDP), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP 769, Franceville, GabonCentre De Primatologie (CDP), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP 769, Franceville, GabonLaboratoire de Biologie évolutive Écologie et Gestion des écosystèmes, Département de Biologie animale, Fa-culté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, SenegalUnité de Recherche en Écologie de la Santé (URES), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP 769, Franceville, Gabon; Département d'anthropologie, Université de Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK; Corresponding author. Unité de Recherche en Écologie de la Santé (URES), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP 769, Franceville, Gabon.This study investigates the influence of abiotic variables (precipitation, soil surface temperature, and soil water content) and intrinsic factors (sex, age class, and social status) on the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in two populations of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in Gabon: one in captivity at the Primatology Center of CIRMF (n = 41) and the other in semi-captivity at Lékédi Park (n = 46). A total of 87 fecal samples were analyzed using flotation and sedimentation techniques. Fourteen gastrointestinal parasite taxa were identified, including two novel findings in chimpanzees: Fasciola hepatica and Toxocara sp. The overall prevalence was 85.4 % at the Primatology Center and 95.7 % at Lékédi Park. Binary logistic regression models revealed significant associations between intrinsic traits and parasite occurrence in captive individuals. Juveniles were at higher risk of Balantioides coli infection compared to adults (OR = 7.24; 90 % CI: 2.15–24.3; p = 0.047), while subordinate individuals were less likely to be infected than dominants (OR = 0.08; 90 % CI: 0.02–0.165; p = 0.007). Males were significantly more likely to be infected with strongylid nematodes (Strongylida fam. gen.) than females (OR = 6.58; 90 % CI: 1.90–22.7; p = 0.023). No significant associations were found between intrinsic factors and parasite occurrence in semi-captive individuals. Precipitation was significantly associated with increased infection risks in semi-captive chimpanzees, particularly for Balantioides coli, Entamoeba sp., Mammomonogamus sp., Strongyloides sp., and Trichuris sp. Conversely, in captive chimpanzees, precipitation was negatively associated with Entamoeba sp. and Strongylida fam. gen. Soil surface temperature was inversely correlated with the presence of Balantioides coli, Entamoeba sp., and Mammomonogamus sp. in the semi-captive group. No significant associations were detected between soil water content and parasite occurrence. A Spearman rank correlation analysis revealed a strong positive, though non-significant, relationship between parasite prevalence in soil samples and in captive chimpanzees (ρ = 0.82; p = 0.089).http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224425000665ChimpanzeesGastrointestinal parasitesAbiotic variablesConservationGabon
spellingShingle Mohamed Hassani Mohamed-Djawad
Krista Mapagha-Boundoukou
Neil M. Longo-Pendy
Serge Ely Dibakou
Barthelemy Ngoubangoye
Papa Ibnou Ndiaye
Larson Boundenga
Eco-epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in captive chimpanzees in Gabon
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife
Chimpanzees
Gastrointestinal parasites
Abiotic variables
Conservation
Gabon
title Eco-epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in captive chimpanzees in Gabon
title_full Eco-epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in captive chimpanzees in Gabon
title_fullStr Eco-epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in captive chimpanzees in Gabon
title_full_unstemmed Eco-epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in captive chimpanzees in Gabon
title_short Eco-epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in captive chimpanzees in Gabon
title_sort eco epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in captive chimpanzees in gabon
topic Chimpanzees
Gastrointestinal parasites
Abiotic variables
Conservation
Gabon
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224425000665
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