Differentiating Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Syndrome: Insights from Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers—A Narrative Review
<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Despite ongoing research and evolving diagnostic criteria, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) remain notoriously difficult to differentiate, largely due to their overlapping clinical presentations and the absence of defi...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| author | Alexandros Giannakis Spiridon Konitsiotis Chrissa Sioka |
| author_facet | Alexandros Giannakis Spiridon Konitsiotis Chrissa Sioka |
| author_sort | Alexandros Giannakis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Background and Objectives</i>: Despite ongoing research and evolving diagnostic criteria, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) remain notoriously difficult to differentiate, largely due to their overlapping clinical presentations and the absence of definitive biomarkers. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: We provide a comprehensive review of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, which have proven valuable in the diagnosis of other neurodegenerative conditions, and their application to PSP and CBS. <i>Results</i>: The most promising results derive from a combination of biomarkers associated with Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and neurofilament light chain. Furthermore, CSF proteomics analysis offers valuable insights into the pathogenesis of PSP and CBS and could also contribute to accurate diagnosis. <i>Conclusions</i>: CSF biomarkers hold significant potential for improving the differential diagnosis of PSP and CBS. A stepwise combination approach—starting with CSF α-synuclein and neurofilament light chain, followed by amyloid-β42 and total and phosphorylated tau—may provide clinicians with a practical framework for distinguishing PSP and CBS from other neurodegenerative disorders. To advance this field, future efforts should prioritize large-scale, multicenter studies employing standardized methodologies to enhance the validity and reproducibility of biomarker-based diagnostics. Importantly, considering the frequent pathological overlap between PSP and CBS, future studies would greatly benefit from pathology-confirmed cohorts to ensure diagnostic accuracy and to better delineate biomarker profiles across these challenging conditions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a381e5d89b3d4600b1ea07bd437859a0 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj-art-a381e5d89b3d4600b1ea07bd437859a02025-08-20T02:28:32ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442025-04-0161470110.3390/medicina61040701Differentiating Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Syndrome: Insights from Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers—A Narrative ReviewAlexandros Giannakis0Spiridon Konitsiotis1Chrissa Sioka2Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Stavrou Niarchou Av., University Campus, 45500 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Stavrou Niarchou Av., University Campus, 45500 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Stavrou Niarchou Av., University Campus, 45500 Ioannina, Greece<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Despite ongoing research and evolving diagnostic criteria, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) remain notoriously difficult to differentiate, largely due to their overlapping clinical presentations and the absence of definitive biomarkers. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: We provide a comprehensive review of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, which have proven valuable in the diagnosis of other neurodegenerative conditions, and their application to PSP and CBS. <i>Results</i>: The most promising results derive from a combination of biomarkers associated with Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and neurofilament light chain. Furthermore, CSF proteomics analysis offers valuable insights into the pathogenesis of PSP and CBS and could also contribute to accurate diagnosis. <i>Conclusions</i>: CSF biomarkers hold significant potential for improving the differential diagnosis of PSP and CBS. A stepwise combination approach—starting with CSF α-synuclein and neurofilament light chain, followed by amyloid-β42 and total and phosphorylated tau—may provide clinicians with a practical framework for distinguishing PSP and CBS from other neurodegenerative disorders. To advance this field, future efforts should prioritize large-scale, multicenter studies employing standardized methodologies to enhance the validity and reproducibility of biomarker-based diagnostics. Importantly, considering the frequent pathological overlap between PSP and CBS, future studies would greatly benefit from pathology-confirmed cohorts to ensure diagnostic accuracy and to better delineate biomarker profiles across these challenging conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/4/701progressive supranuclear palsycorticobasal syndromebiomarkerdifferential diagnosiscerebrospinal fluid |
| spellingShingle | Alexandros Giannakis Spiridon Konitsiotis Chrissa Sioka Differentiating Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Syndrome: Insights from Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers—A Narrative Review Medicina progressive supranuclear palsy corticobasal syndrome biomarker differential diagnosis cerebrospinal fluid |
| title | Differentiating Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Syndrome: Insights from Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers—A Narrative Review |
| title_full | Differentiating Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Syndrome: Insights from Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers—A Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | Differentiating Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Syndrome: Insights from Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers—A Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differentiating Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Syndrome: Insights from Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers—A Narrative Review |
| title_short | Differentiating Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Syndrome: Insights from Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers—A Narrative Review |
| title_sort | differentiating progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal syndrome insights from cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers a narrative review |
| topic | progressive supranuclear palsy corticobasal syndrome biomarker differential diagnosis cerebrospinal fluid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/4/701 |
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