Association between Mindful Eating and Food Consumption in the NutriNet-Santé Cohort Study

Background and objectives: Mindful eating (ME) is defined as non-judgmental awareness of the physical and emotional sensations experienced while eating. An association between ME and healthier eating behaviors has been suggested. However, there are only few observational studies available. The aim o...

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Main Authors: Pauline Paolassini-Guesnier, Marion Van Beekum, Rebecca Shankland, Angélique Rodhain, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Mathilde Touvier, Sandrine Péneau
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-11-01
Series:Proceedings
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/91/1/7
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author Pauline Paolassini-Guesnier
Marion Van Beekum
Rebecca Shankland
Angélique Rodhain
Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
Mathilde Touvier
Sandrine Péneau
author_facet Pauline Paolassini-Guesnier
Marion Van Beekum
Rebecca Shankland
Angélique Rodhain
Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
Mathilde Touvier
Sandrine Péneau
author_sort Pauline Paolassini-Guesnier
collection DOAJ
description Background and objectives: Mindful eating (ME) is defined as non-judgmental awareness of the physical and emotional sensations experienced while eating. An association between ME and healthier eating behaviors has been suggested. However, there are only few observational studies available. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between ME levels and food consumption, in particular, diet quality, food groups, and ultra-processed food consumption, in a general population sample. Methods: In 2022, 2069 participants of the NutriNet-Santé Study completed the Mind-Eat scale, a validated questionnaire assessing ME as a whole and its six dimensions. Participants also completed at least three 24 h dietary records. Adherence to the French dietary guidelines was assessed via the French National Nutrition and Health Program Guideline Score (PNNS-GS2). The degree of food processing was assessed using the NOVA classification. Logistic and linear regressions were used to analyze associations between ME as the exposure (score from 1 to 5), and diet quality, food groups, and ultra-processed food consumption as outcomes, stratified by sex, and considering sociodemographic and lifestyle covariates. Results: Men and women with a higher ME score showed better adherence to dietary guidelines (men: β = 1.05, 95%CI: 0.53, 1.58; women: β = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.40, 1.09), and a lower consumption of ultra-processed food (men: β = −0.02, 95%CI: −0.04, −0.01; women: β = −0.02, 95%CI: −0.03, −0.01). They also consumed fewer dairy products and meat, and more non-salted oleaginous foods. In addition, women with higher levels of ME consumed more fats and eggs, and fewer processed meat and chocolate based-products, while men consumed more vegetables, whole-grain products, and starches, and less seafood. Regarding macronutrients, individuals with higher levels of ME consumed less protein overall and animal protein, but more plant-based protein. In addition, women with higher ME levels consumed more added fats and omega 3, and less total energy and simple and added carbohydrates, while men consumed more fibers and plant-based lipids. Discussion: ME was associated with a healthier overall diet. These findings suggest that ME could be helpful in the promotion of healthy eating behaviors. Further studies on the dimensions of ME are needed.
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spelling doaj-art-a376c1ad62404fe29e7c12e2ed2f26892025-08-20T03:43:57ZengMDPI AGProceedings2504-39002023-11-01911710.3390/proceedings2023091007Association between Mindful Eating and Food Consumption in the NutriNet-Santé Cohort StudyPauline Paolassini-Guesnier0Marion Van Beekum1Rebecca Shankland2Angélique Rodhain3Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot4Mathilde Touvier5Sandrine Péneau6Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS-EREN, UMR U1153 INSERM/U1125 INRAE/CNAM/Sorbonne Paris Nord University/Paris Cité University), 93022 Bobigny, FranceNutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS-EREN, UMR U1153 INSERM/U1125 INRAE/CNAM/Sorbonne Paris Nord University/Paris Cité University), 93022 Bobigny, FranceLaboratoire DIPHE (Développement, Individu, Processus, Handicap, Education), Université Lumière Lyon 2, 69365 Lyon, FranceMontpellier Research in Management (MRM), 34000 Montpellier, FranceNutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS-EREN, UMR U1153 INSERM/U1125 INRAE/CNAM/Sorbonne Paris Nord University/Paris Cité University), 93022 Bobigny, FranceNutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS-EREN, UMR U1153 INSERM/U1125 INRAE/CNAM/Sorbonne Paris Nord University/Paris Cité University), 93022 Bobigny, FranceNutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS-EREN, UMR U1153 INSERM/U1125 INRAE/CNAM/Sorbonne Paris Nord University/Paris Cité University), 93022 Bobigny, FranceBackground and objectives: Mindful eating (ME) is defined as non-judgmental awareness of the physical and emotional sensations experienced while eating. An association between ME and healthier eating behaviors has been suggested. However, there are only few observational studies available. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between ME levels and food consumption, in particular, diet quality, food groups, and ultra-processed food consumption, in a general population sample. Methods: In 2022, 2069 participants of the NutriNet-Santé Study completed the Mind-Eat scale, a validated questionnaire assessing ME as a whole and its six dimensions. Participants also completed at least three 24 h dietary records. Adherence to the French dietary guidelines was assessed via the French National Nutrition and Health Program Guideline Score (PNNS-GS2). The degree of food processing was assessed using the NOVA classification. Logistic and linear regressions were used to analyze associations between ME as the exposure (score from 1 to 5), and diet quality, food groups, and ultra-processed food consumption as outcomes, stratified by sex, and considering sociodemographic and lifestyle covariates. Results: Men and women with a higher ME score showed better adherence to dietary guidelines (men: β = 1.05, 95%CI: 0.53, 1.58; women: β = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.40, 1.09), and a lower consumption of ultra-processed food (men: β = −0.02, 95%CI: −0.04, −0.01; women: β = −0.02, 95%CI: −0.03, −0.01). They also consumed fewer dairy products and meat, and more non-salted oleaginous foods. In addition, women with higher levels of ME consumed more fats and eggs, and fewer processed meat and chocolate based-products, while men consumed more vegetables, whole-grain products, and starches, and less seafood. Regarding macronutrients, individuals with higher levels of ME consumed less protein overall and animal protein, but more plant-based protein. In addition, women with higher ME levels consumed more added fats and omega 3, and less total energy and simple and added carbohydrates, while men consumed more fibers and plant-based lipids. Discussion: ME was associated with a healthier overall diet. These findings suggest that ME could be helpful in the promotion of healthy eating behaviors. Further studies on the dimensions of ME are needed.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/91/1/7nutritionfood intakemindful eatingpsychologycross-sectional study
spellingShingle Pauline Paolassini-Guesnier
Marion Van Beekum
Rebecca Shankland
Angélique Rodhain
Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
Mathilde Touvier
Sandrine Péneau
Association between Mindful Eating and Food Consumption in the NutriNet-Santé Cohort Study
Proceedings
nutrition
food intake
mindful eating
psychology
cross-sectional study
title Association between Mindful Eating and Food Consumption in the NutriNet-Santé Cohort Study
title_full Association between Mindful Eating and Food Consumption in the NutriNet-Santé Cohort Study
title_fullStr Association between Mindful Eating and Food Consumption in the NutriNet-Santé Cohort Study
title_full_unstemmed Association between Mindful Eating and Food Consumption in the NutriNet-Santé Cohort Study
title_short Association between Mindful Eating and Food Consumption in the NutriNet-Santé Cohort Study
title_sort association between mindful eating and food consumption in the nutrinet sante cohort study
topic nutrition
food intake
mindful eating
psychology
cross-sectional study
url https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/91/1/7
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