Glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide agonists for the treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus
Pharmaceutical interventions play a vital role in managing various conditions, including weight-related issues such as obesity. In this context, lifestyle changes are often challenging to maintain, especially for individuals struggling with this condition. Obesity is strongly linked to serious healt...
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Open Exploration
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Exploration of Drug Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100839/100839.pdf |
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| author | Alexander C. Martins Beatriz G. de la Torre Fernando Albericio |
| author_facet | Alexander C. Martins Beatriz G. de la Torre Fernando Albericio |
| author_sort | Alexander C. Martins |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pharmaceutical interventions play a vital role in managing various conditions, including weight-related issues such as obesity. In this context, lifestyle changes are often challenging to maintain, especially for individuals struggling with this condition. Obesity is strongly linked to serious health conditions like cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance, leading to a cascade of health risks. Importantly, the development of effective and safe weight loss medications has been challenging. Diabetes mellitus (DM), the incidence of which is also rising, is closely related to obesity. The annual rate of DM cases has increased significantly, mirroring trends in obesity. Pharmaceutical companies have made significant progress in developing drugs that address both diabetes and obesity. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have emerged as a promising class of medications with dual benefits in managing diabetes and aiding weight loss such as semaglutide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, among others. However, despite their effectiveness, they can be expensive. The availability of various GLP-1RAs offers flexibility in diabetes management, but the surge in their prescription has led to a global shortage. Health authorities are working to address this issue, while pharmaceutical companies are exploring new paths to improve the quality of these drugs. In this context, tirzepatide stands out as a medication targeting key hormones involved in obesity and DM. Another potential breakthrough, retatrutide, is also being developed for these two conditions, but it requires further research. In this paper, the authors address all the GLP-1RA options developed to date, covering their mechanisms of action, efficacy, and chemical structures, among other aspects. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a37566fd342d4991ba4da292129a0ff1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2836-7677 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | Open Exploration |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Exploration of Drug Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-a37566fd342d4991ba4da292129a0ff12025-02-08T03:41:44ZengOpen ExplorationExploration of Drug Science2836-76772024-04-012212614310.37349/eds.2024.00039Glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide agonists for the treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitusAlexander C. Martins0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7637-5410Beatriz G. de la Torre1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8521-9172Fernando Albericio2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8946-0462School of Health Sciences, Universidade Anhembi-Morumbi, São Paulo 03101-001, BrazilKRISP, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South AfricaSchool of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, SpainPharmaceutical interventions play a vital role in managing various conditions, including weight-related issues such as obesity. In this context, lifestyle changes are often challenging to maintain, especially for individuals struggling with this condition. Obesity is strongly linked to serious health conditions like cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance, leading to a cascade of health risks. Importantly, the development of effective and safe weight loss medications has been challenging. Diabetes mellitus (DM), the incidence of which is also rising, is closely related to obesity. The annual rate of DM cases has increased significantly, mirroring trends in obesity. Pharmaceutical companies have made significant progress in developing drugs that address both diabetes and obesity. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have emerged as a promising class of medications with dual benefits in managing diabetes and aiding weight loss such as semaglutide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, among others. However, despite their effectiveness, they can be expensive. The availability of various GLP-1RAs offers flexibility in diabetes management, but the surge in their prescription has led to a global shortage. Health authorities are working to address this issue, while pharmaceutical companies are exploring new paths to improve the quality of these drugs. In this context, tirzepatide stands out as a medication targeting key hormones involved in obesity and DM. Another potential breakthrough, retatrutide, is also being developed for these two conditions, but it requires further research. In this paper, the authors address all the GLP-1RA options developed to date, covering their mechanisms of action, efficacy, and chemical structures, among other aspects.https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100839/100839.pdfglucagon-like peptide-1glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptideobesitydiabetes mellitustirzepatidesemaglutideliraglutidepeptides |
| spellingShingle | Alexander C. Martins Beatriz G. de la Torre Fernando Albericio Glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide agonists for the treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus Exploration of Drug Science glucagon-like peptide-1 glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide obesity diabetes mellitus tirzepatide semaglutide liraglutide peptides |
| title | Glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide agonists for the treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus |
| title_full | Glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide agonists for the treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus |
| title_fullStr | Glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide agonists for the treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide agonists for the treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus |
| title_short | Glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide agonists for the treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus |
| title_sort | glucagon like peptide 1 and glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide agonists for the treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus |
| topic | glucagon-like peptide-1 glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide obesity diabetes mellitus tirzepatide semaglutide liraglutide peptides |
| url | https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100839/100839.pdf |
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