Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Animal Longevity: Insights from Comparative Studies
Chemical reactions in living cells are under strict enzyme control and conform to a tightly regulated metabolic program. However, uncontrolled and potentially deleterious endogenous reactions occur, even under physiological conditions. Aging, in this chemical context, could be viewed as an entropic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2011-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Aging Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/807108 |
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| author | Reinald Pamplona |
| author_facet | Reinald Pamplona |
| author_sort | Reinald Pamplona |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chemical reactions in living cells are under strict enzyme control and conform to a tightly regulated metabolic program. However, uncontrolled and potentially deleterious endogenous reactions occur, even under physiological conditions. Aging, in this chemical context, could be viewed as an entropic process, the result of chemical side reactions that chronically and cumulatively degrade the function of biological systems. Mitochondria are a main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chemical sidereactions in healthy aerobic tissues and are the only known extranuclear cellular organelles in animal cells that contain their own DNA (mtDNA). ROS can modify mtDNA directly at the sugar-phosphate backbone or at the bases, producing many different oxidatively modified purines and pyrimidines, as well as single and double strand breaks and DNA mutations. In this scenario, natural selection tends to decrease the mitochondrial ROS generation, the oxidative damage to mtDNA, and the mitochondrial mutation rate in long-lived species, in agreement with the mitochondrial oxidative stress theory of aging. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a3678df76d204ab39a165277153749e1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-2212 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2011-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Aging Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-a3678df76d204ab39a165277153749e12025-02-03T01:09:49ZengWileyJournal of Aging Research2090-22122011-01-01201110.4061/2011/807108807108Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Animal Longevity: Insights from Comparative StudiesReinald Pamplona0Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida, IRB, Lleida, c/Montserrat Roig-2, 5008 Lleida, SpainChemical reactions in living cells are under strict enzyme control and conform to a tightly regulated metabolic program. However, uncontrolled and potentially deleterious endogenous reactions occur, even under physiological conditions. Aging, in this chemical context, could be viewed as an entropic process, the result of chemical side reactions that chronically and cumulatively degrade the function of biological systems. Mitochondria are a main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chemical sidereactions in healthy aerobic tissues and are the only known extranuclear cellular organelles in animal cells that contain their own DNA (mtDNA). ROS can modify mtDNA directly at the sugar-phosphate backbone or at the bases, producing many different oxidatively modified purines and pyrimidines, as well as single and double strand breaks and DNA mutations. In this scenario, natural selection tends to decrease the mitochondrial ROS generation, the oxidative damage to mtDNA, and the mitochondrial mutation rate in long-lived species, in agreement with the mitochondrial oxidative stress theory of aging.http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/807108 |
| spellingShingle | Reinald Pamplona Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Animal Longevity: Insights from Comparative Studies Journal of Aging Research |
| title | Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Animal Longevity: Insights from Comparative Studies |
| title_full | Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Animal Longevity: Insights from Comparative Studies |
| title_fullStr | Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Animal Longevity: Insights from Comparative Studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Animal Longevity: Insights from Comparative Studies |
| title_short | Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Animal Longevity: Insights from Comparative Studies |
| title_sort | mitochondrial dna damage and animal longevity insights from comparative studies |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/807108 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT reinaldpamplona mitochondrialdnadamageandanimallongevityinsightsfromcomparativestudies |