Morphofunctional efficacy of Phyllanthus amarus alkaloid extract on semen quality, hormonal profile and gonadal histomorphometric status in Plasmodium berghei-induced mice

The mainstay for malaria treatment is drug, but currently, the treatment is failing and making malaria infection worrisome. The alkaloid extract of the plant Phyllanthus amarus has been demonstrated to possess antimalarial activity. This present study evaluated the changes in semen quality, hormone...

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Main Authors: Evelyn Tarela Ojugbeli, Solomon Ugochukwu Okom, Bartholomew Chukwuebuka Nwogueze, Pere-Ebi Yabrade Toloyai, Innocent Onyesom
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Food Chemistry Advances
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X24002168
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author Evelyn Tarela Ojugbeli
Solomon Ugochukwu Okom
Bartholomew Chukwuebuka Nwogueze
Pere-Ebi Yabrade Toloyai
Innocent Onyesom
author_facet Evelyn Tarela Ojugbeli
Solomon Ugochukwu Okom
Bartholomew Chukwuebuka Nwogueze
Pere-Ebi Yabrade Toloyai
Innocent Onyesom
author_sort Evelyn Tarela Ojugbeli
collection DOAJ
description The mainstay for malaria treatment is drug, but currently, the treatment is failing and making malaria infection worrisome. The alkaloid extract of the plant Phyllanthus amarus has been demonstrated to possess antimalarial activity. This present study evaluated the changes in semen quality, hormone profile and gonadal histomorphometric features in Berghei-induced mice treated with alkaloid extract of Phyllanthus amarus. Thirty-six BALB/c mice were divided into six groups (n=6 per group). The first two groups were positive (not infected, not treated) and negative (infected, but not treated) control mice, while the remaining groups (Groups 3–6) were the experimental mice infected with Plasmodium berghei (NK 65) malaria parasite and respectively treated with standard drug Lonart® DS (20 mg/kg) with 75 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg and 225 mg/kg of the Phyllanthus amarus alkaloid extract (PAAE) for 4 days. Then, 10 days later, the animals were euthanized and blood samples were collected for biochemical investigation. Testes tissues were harvested for histological assessment and semen samples were collected for analysis using standard procedures and documented methods. Data from our study revealed that Plasmodium berghei malaria-induced infection significantly (p<0.05) increased testicular hormones of testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels were significantly (p<0.05) reduced, semen quality were compromised and the microstructural architecture of the testes were distorted. However, treatments with the graded doses of PAAE protected the gonads, improved semen quality and restored the hormone levels in a dose-dependent manner and in pattern that compared favourably with the mice treated with standard drug of Lonart® DS. Alkaloids of Phyllanthus amarus are promising as antimalarial agent. Therefore, the active antimalarial alkaloid compounds of Phyllanthus amarus should be identified for further study.
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spelling doaj-art-a35e783b1152406e9ff4ac5d218bc5b32025-08-20T02:50:16ZengElsevierFood Chemistry Advances2772-753X2024-12-01510082110.1016/j.focha.2024.100821Morphofunctional efficacy of Phyllanthus amarus alkaloid extract on semen quality, hormonal profile and gonadal histomorphometric status in Plasmodium berghei-induced miceEvelyn Tarela Ojugbeli0Solomon Ugochukwu Okom1Bartholomew Chukwuebuka Nwogueze2Pere-Ebi Yabrade Toloyai3Innocent Onyesom4Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Corresponding authors.Department of Chemical Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Novena University, Ogume, Delta State, NigeriaDepartment of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Corresponding authors.Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, NigeriaDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Corresponding authors.The mainstay for malaria treatment is drug, but currently, the treatment is failing and making malaria infection worrisome. The alkaloid extract of the plant Phyllanthus amarus has been demonstrated to possess antimalarial activity. This present study evaluated the changes in semen quality, hormone profile and gonadal histomorphometric features in Berghei-induced mice treated with alkaloid extract of Phyllanthus amarus. Thirty-six BALB/c mice were divided into six groups (n=6 per group). The first two groups were positive (not infected, not treated) and negative (infected, but not treated) control mice, while the remaining groups (Groups 3–6) were the experimental mice infected with Plasmodium berghei (NK 65) malaria parasite and respectively treated with standard drug Lonart® DS (20 mg/kg) with 75 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg and 225 mg/kg of the Phyllanthus amarus alkaloid extract (PAAE) for 4 days. Then, 10 days later, the animals were euthanized and blood samples were collected for biochemical investigation. Testes tissues were harvested for histological assessment and semen samples were collected for analysis using standard procedures and documented methods. Data from our study revealed that Plasmodium berghei malaria-induced infection significantly (p<0.05) increased testicular hormones of testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels were significantly (p<0.05) reduced, semen quality were compromised and the microstructural architecture of the testes were distorted. However, treatments with the graded doses of PAAE protected the gonads, improved semen quality and restored the hormone levels in a dose-dependent manner and in pattern that compared favourably with the mice treated with standard drug of Lonart® DS. Alkaloids of Phyllanthus amarus are promising as antimalarial agent. Therefore, the active antimalarial alkaloid compounds of Phyllanthus amarus should be identified for further study.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X24002168Phyllanthus amarusPlasmodium bergheiMalariaAlkaloidHormoneTestes
spellingShingle Evelyn Tarela Ojugbeli
Solomon Ugochukwu Okom
Bartholomew Chukwuebuka Nwogueze
Pere-Ebi Yabrade Toloyai
Innocent Onyesom
Morphofunctional efficacy of Phyllanthus amarus alkaloid extract on semen quality, hormonal profile and gonadal histomorphometric status in Plasmodium berghei-induced mice
Food Chemistry Advances
Phyllanthus amarus
Plasmodium berghei
Malaria
Alkaloid
Hormone
Testes
title Morphofunctional efficacy of Phyllanthus amarus alkaloid extract on semen quality, hormonal profile and gonadal histomorphometric status in Plasmodium berghei-induced mice
title_full Morphofunctional efficacy of Phyllanthus amarus alkaloid extract on semen quality, hormonal profile and gonadal histomorphometric status in Plasmodium berghei-induced mice
title_fullStr Morphofunctional efficacy of Phyllanthus amarus alkaloid extract on semen quality, hormonal profile and gonadal histomorphometric status in Plasmodium berghei-induced mice
title_full_unstemmed Morphofunctional efficacy of Phyllanthus amarus alkaloid extract on semen quality, hormonal profile and gonadal histomorphometric status in Plasmodium berghei-induced mice
title_short Morphofunctional efficacy of Phyllanthus amarus alkaloid extract on semen quality, hormonal profile and gonadal histomorphometric status in Plasmodium berghei-induced mice
title_sort morphofunctional efficacy of phyllanthus amarus alkaloid extract on semen quality hormonal profile and gonadal histomorphometric status in plasmodium berghei induced mice
topic Phyllanthus amarus
Plasmodium berghei
Malaria
Alkaloid
Hormone
Testes
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X24002168
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