Bipolar disorder at mixed states and major depressive disorder with mixed features differ in peripheral biochemical parameters

Abstract Background Little is known about the peripheral biochemicals between bipolar disorder at mixed episodes (BDM) and major depressive disorder with mixed features (MDM). This retrospective study was aimed to compare the peripheral biochemical parameters between patients with BDM and MDM. Metho...

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Main Authors: Xiaohui Wu, Shuo Wang, Zhiang Niu, Yuncheng Zhu, Ping Sun, Wenxi Sun, Jun Chen, Yiru Fang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Psychiatry
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06800-9
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author Xiaohui Wu
Shuo Wang
Zhiang Niu
Yuncheng Zhu
Ping Sun
Wenxi Sun
Jun Chen
Yiru Fang
author_facet Xiaohui Wu
Shuo Wang
Zhiang Niu
Yuncheng Zhu
Ping Sun
Wenxi Sun
Jun Chen
Yiru Fang
author_sort Xiaohui Wu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Little is known about the peripheral biochemicals between bipolar disorder at mixed episodes (BDM) and major depressive disorder with mixed features (MDM). This retrospective study was aimed to compare the peripheral biochemical parameters between patients with BDM and MDM. Methods This study included data from 269 BDM patients and 86 MDM patients. Biochemical markers covering immune-inflammatory, liver function, metabolic, and thyroid hormone indices were analyzed. Logistic regression models were employed to evaluate associations between biochemical markers and diagnosis. Network analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was also performed to investigate the relationships among these parameters. Results BDM patients had higher neutrophil percentage (NEUT%), white blood cell count (WBC), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4), while MDM patients exhibited higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), direct bilirubin (DBIL) and prealbumin (PA). NEUT%, WBC, FT3 and FT4 showed positive association with the diagnosis of BDM, while PA and DBIL displayed negative correlation with BDM. No significant differences in either network structure or global strength were found between BDM and MDM groups. Conclusion Peripheral biochemical markers, particularly those related to the immune-inflammatory factors and thyroid hormones, differ between BDM and MDM, which could contribute to better understanding of potential status mechanism under the disorders. Trial registration International Clinical Trials Registry Platform: NCT03949218. Registered on 13/05/2019.
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spelling doaj-art-a35c5ae89c5b4c5885ffbab6d070ded32025-08-20T02:12:02ZengBMCBMC Psychiatry1471-244X2025-04-0125111010.1186/s12888-025-06800-9Bipolar disorder at mixed states and major depressive disorder with mixed features differ in peripheral biochemical parametersXiaohui Wu0Shuo Wang1Zhiang Niu2Yuncheng Zhu3Ping Sun4Wenxi Sun5Jun Chen6Yiru Fang7Department of Psychiatry & Affective Disorders Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineClinical Research Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Mental Health Center, West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDivision of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Hongkou Mental Health CenterQingdao Mental Health CenterSuzhou Guangji HospitalClinical Research Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Psychiatry & Affective Disorders Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineAbstract Background Little is known about the peripheral biochemicals between bipolar disorder at mixed episodes (BDM) and major depressive disorder with mixed features (MDM). This retrospective study was aimed to compare the peripheral biochemical parameters between patients with BDM and MDM. Methods This study included data from 269 BDM patients and 86 MDM patients. Biochemical markers covering immune-inflammatory, liver function, metabolic, and thyroid hormone indices were analyzed. Logistic regression models were employed to evaluate associations between biochemical markers and diagnosis. Network analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was also performed to investigate the relationships among these parameters. Results BDM patients had higher neutrophil percentage (NEUT%), white blood cell count (WBC), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4), while MDM patients exhibited higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), direct bilirubin (DBIL) and prealbumin (PA). NEUT%, WBC, FT3 and FT4 showed positive association with the diagnosis of BDM, while PA and DBIL displayed negative correlation with BDM. No significant differences in either network structure or global strength were found between BDM and MDM groups. Conclusion Peripheral biochemical markers, particularly those related to the immune-inflammatory factors and thyroid hormones, differ between BDM and MDM, which could contribute to better understanding of potential status mechanism under the disorders. Trial registration International Clinical Trials Registry Platform: NCT03949218. Registered on 13/05/2019.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06800-9Bipolar disorderMajor depressive disorderMixed featurePeripheral markersBiochemicals
spellingShingle Xiaohui Wu
Shuo Wang
Zhiang Niu
Yuncheng Zhu
Ping Sun
Wenxi Sun
Jun Chen
Yiru Fang
Bipolar disorder at mixed states and major depressive disorder with mixed features differ in peripheral biochemical parameters
BMC Psychiatry
Bipolar disorder
Major depressive disorder
Mixed feature
Peripheral markers
Biochemicals
title Bipolar disorder at mixed states and major depressive disorder with mixed features differ in peripheral biochemical parameters
title_full Bipolar disorder at mixed states and major depressive disorder with mixed features differ in peripheral biochemical parameters
title_fullStr Bipolar disorder at mixed states and major depressive disorder with mixed features differ in peripheral biochemical parameters
title_full_unstemmed Bipolar disorder at mixed states and major depressive disorder with mixed features differ in peripheral biochemical parameters
title_short Bipolar disorder at mixed states and major depressive disorder with mixed features differ in peripheral biochemical parameters
title_sort bipolar disorder at mixed states and major depressive disorder with mixed features differ in peripheral biochemical parameters
topic Bipolar disorder
Major depressive disorder
Mixed feature
Peripheral markers
Biochemicals
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06800-9
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