Retirement Readiness in the Baltics: The Roles of Financial Literacy, Product Ownership, and Advisory Confidence

This study examined the relationships between financial literacy, financial product ownership, confidence in financial advisers, and confidence in retirement readiness across Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. By using data from the Flash Eurobarometer 525 survey (March 2022) and applying categorical d...

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Main Authors: Ramona Rupeika-Apoga, Janis Priede
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Risks
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/13/2/30
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author Ramona Rupeika-Apoga
Janis Priede
author_facet Ramona Rupeika-Apoga
Janis Priede
author_sort Ramona Rupeika-Apoga
collection DOAJ
description This study examined the relationships between financial literacy, financial product ownership, confidence in financial advisers, and confidence in retirement readiness across Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. By using data from the Flash Eurobarometer 525 survey (March 2022) and applying categorical data analysis methods, including chi-square tests and Cramér’s V, the findings revealed that a higher financial literacy and confidence in financial advisers are significantly associated with greater retirement preparedness. The ownership of financial products, particularly among active investors, is also strongly correlated with improved retirement outcomes. These results highlight the importance of financial education, accessible advisory services, and policies promoting financial literacy and product ownership to mitigate retirement risks and enhance financial security in the Baltic region.
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series Risks
spelling doaj-art-a35472ec18bd473ebbcb73d4e2d3e8472025-08-20T03:12:04ZengMDPI AGRisks2227-90912025-02-011323010.3390/risks13020030Retirement Readiness in the Baltics: The Roles of Financial Literacy, Product Ownership, and Advisory ConfidenceRamona Rupeika-Apoga0Janis Priede1Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, LatviaFaculty of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, LatviaThis study examined the relationships between financial literacy, financial product ownership, confidence in financial advisers, and confidence in retirement readiness across Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. By using data from the Flash Eurobarometer 525 survey (March 2022) and applying categorical data analysis methods, including chi-square tests and Cramér’s V, the findings revealed that a higher financial literacy and confidence in financial advisers are significantly associated with greater retirement preparedness. The ownership of financial products, particularly among active investors, is also strongly correlated with improved retirement outcomes. These results highlight the importance of financial education, accessible advisory services, and policies promoting financial literacy and product ownership to mitigate retirement risks and enhance financial security in the Baltic region.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/13/2/30financial literacyretirement readinessfinancial product ownershipBaltic countriescategorical data analysisfinancial education
spellingShingle Ramona Rupeika-Apoga
Janis Priede
Retirement Readiness in the Baltics: The Roles of Financial Literacy, Product Ownership, and Advisory Confidence
Risks
financial literacy
retirement readiness
financial product ownership
Baltic countries
categorical data analysis
financial education
title Retirement Readiness in the Baltics: The Roles of Financial Literacy, Product Ownership, and Advisory Confidence
title_full Retirement Readiness in the Baltics: The Roles of Financial Literacy, Product Ownership, and Advisory Confidence
title_fullStr Retirement Readiness in the Baltics: The Roles of Financial Literacy, Product Ownership, and Advisory Confidence
title_full_unstemmed Retirement Readiness in the Baltics: The Roles of Financial Literacy, Product Ownership, and Advisory Confidence
title_short Retirement Readiness in the Baltics: The Roles of Financial Literacy, Product Ownership, and Advisory Confidence
title_sort retirement readiness in the baltics the roles of financial literacy product ownership and advisory confidence
topic financial literacy
retirement readiness
financial product ownership
Baltic countries
categorical data analysis
financial education
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/13/2/30
work_keys_str_mv AT ramonarupeikaapoga retirementreadinessinthebalticstherolesoffinancialliteracyproductownershipandadvisoryconfidence
AT janispriede retirementreadinessinthebalticstherolesoffinancialliteracyproductownershipandadvisoryconfidence