Evapotranspiration Partitioning of the <i>Populus euphratica</i> Forest Ecosystem in the Drylands of Northwestern China

The comprehension of seasonal patterns of evapotranspiration (ET), as well as the interactive response to environmental factors, holds paramount importance for illuminating the intricate interaction within the carbon–water cycle of desert riparian forest ecosystems. Nonetheless, the driving mechanis...

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Main Authors: Qi Zhang, Qi Feng, Yonghong Su, Cuo Jian
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/5/680
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author Qi Zhang
Qi Feng
Yonghong Su
Cuo Jian
author_facet Qi Zhang
Qi Feng
Yonghong Su
Cuo Jian
author_sort Qi Zhang
collection DOAJ
description The comprehension of seasonal patterns of evapotranspiration (ET), as well as the interactive response to environmental factors, holds paramount importance for illuminating the intricate interaction within the carbon–water cycle of desert riparian forest ecosystems. Nonetheless, the driving mechanism behind ET changes is complex, and different components show significant differences in response to the same factor. Moreover, water resources are scarce in the region, and sustainable water resources management in arid regions usually aims to maximize transpiration (T) and minimize evaporation (E); therefore, reasonable calculation of ET components is urgent to effectively assess water resources consumption and improve water use efficiency. This discussion assessed the suitability and reliability of different methods for partitioning ET within the desert oasis in Northwestern China, calculated water use efficiency (WUE), and explored the differences in the response patterns of ET, transpiration (T), and WUE to environmental elements of constructive <i>Populus euphratica</i> forests in this region during the growing season. Continuous measurements of meteorological, soil, and vegetation factors were collected from 2014 to 2021 to facilitate this investigation. This study demonstrated that the underlying water use efficiency (uWUE) method effectively partitions ET into vegetation T and soil evaporation (E). Seasonal variations in ET and T were predominantly driven by temperature (Ta), radiation (Rn), soil moisture, and leaf area index (LAI). In addition, the exchange of water and carbon across different scales was governed by distinct regulatory mechanisms, where canopy-level WUE (WUEc) primarily depended on climatic conditions, while ecosystem-level WUE (WUEe) was more strongly influenced by vegetation structural characteristics. This study provided valuable insights into the ET characteristics, influencing factors, and water–carbon consumption mechanisms of desert vegetation in arid regions, and the conclusions of the discussion may provide theoretical insights for policymakers and ecosystem managers interested in preserving the ecological balance of arid regions.
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spelling doaj-art-a3454d2efe1043f7b601223382fe1e762025-08-20T02:06:12ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-02-0114568010.3390/plants14050680Evapotranspiration Partitioning of the <i>Populus euphratica</i> Forest Ecosystem in the Drylands of Northwestern ChinaQi Zhang0Qi Feng1Yonghong Su2Cuo Jian3Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaThe comprehension of seasonal patterns of evapotranspiration (ET), as well as the interactive response to environmental factors, holds paramount importance for illuminating the intricate interaction within the carbon–water cycle of desert riparian forest ecosystems. Nonetheless, the driving mechanism behind ET changes is complex, and different components show significant differences in response to the same factor. Moreover, water resources are scarce in the region, and sustainable water resources management in arid regions usually aims to maximize transpiration (T) and minimize evaporation (E); therefore, reasonable calculation of ET components is urgent to effectively assess water resources consumption and improve water use efficiency. This discussion assessed the suitability and reliability of different methods for partitioning ET within the desert oasis in Northwestern China, calculated water use efficiency (WUE), and explored the differences in the response patterns of ET, transpiration (T), and WUE to environmental elements of constructive <i>Populus euphratica</i> forests in this region during the growing season. Continuous measurements of meteorological, soil, and vegetation factors were collected from 2014 to 2021 to facilitate this investigation. This study demonstrated that the underlying water use efficiency (uWUE) method effectively partitions ET into vegetation T and soil evaporation (E). Seasonal variations in ET and T were predominantly driven by temperature (Ta), radiation (Rn), soil moisture, and leaf area index (LAI). In addition, the exchange of water and carbon across different scales was governed by distinct regulatory mechanisms, where canopy-level WUE (WUEc) primarily depended on climatic conditions, while ecosystem-level WUE (WUEe) was more strongly influenced by vegetation structural characteristics. This study provided valuable insights into the ET characteristics, influencing factors, and water–carbon consumption mechanisms of desert vegetation in arid regions, and the conclusions of the discussion may provide theoretical insights for policymakers and ecosystem managers interested in preserving the ecological balance of arid regions.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/5/680evapotranspiration (ET) componentswater use efficiency (WUE)desert riparian forest ecosystemseasonal variationsenvironmental factors
spellingShingle Qi Zhang
Qi Feng
Yonghong Su
Cuo Jian
Evapotranspiration Partitioning of the <i>Populus euphratica</i> Forest Ecosystem in the Drylands of Northwestern China
Plants
evapotranspiration (ET) components
water use efficiency (WUE)
desert riparian forest ecosystem
seasonal variations
environmental factors
title Evapotranspiration Partitioning of the <i>Populus euphratica</i> Forest Ecosystem in the Drylands of Northwestern China
title_full Evapotranspiration Partitioning of the <i>Populus euphratica</i> Forest Ecosystem in the Drylands of Northwestern China
title_fullStr Evapotranspiration Partitioning of the <i>Populus euphratica</i> Forest Ecosystem in the Drylands of Northwestern China
title_full_unstemmed Evapotranspiration Partitioning of the <i>Populus euphratica</i> Forest Ecosystem in the Drylands of Northwestern China
title_short Evapotranspiration Partitioning of the <i>Populus euphratica</i> Forest Ecosystem in the Drylands of Northwestern China
title_sort evapotranspiration partitioning of the i populus euphratica i forest ecosystem in the drylands of northwestern china
topic evapotranspiration (ET) components
water use efficiency (WUE)
desert riparian forest ecosystem
seasonal variations
environmental factors
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/5/680
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AT qifeng evapotranspirationpartitioningoftheipopuluseuphraticaiforestecosysteminthedrylandsofnorthwesternchina
AT yonghongsu evapotranspirationpartitioningoftheipopuluseuphraticaiforestecosysteminthedrylandsofnorthwesternchina
AT cuojian evapotranspirationpartitioningoftheipopuluseuphraticaiforestecosysteminthedrylandsofnorthwesternchina