The impact of hospital competition on healthcare quality: evidence from China’s healthcare reform

IntroductionHospital competition has been a common feature in healthcare reforms worldwide, yet scant attention has been paid to its impact on healthcare quality in China. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the impact of hospital competition on healthcare quality under China’s healthcare re...

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Main Authors: Huimin Liu, Junyan Jiang, Liangchun Yu, Xianpeng Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Public Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1543884/full
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author Huimin Liu
Junyan Jiang
Liangchun Yu
Xianpeng Liu
author_facet Huimin Liu
Junyan Jiang
Liangchun Yu
Xianpeng Liu
author_sort Huimin Liu
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionHospital competition has been a common feature in healthcare reforms worldwide, yet scant attention has been paid to its impact on healthcare quality in China. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the impact of hospital competition on healthcare quality under China’s healthcare reform.MethodsThis study used multiple datasets comprising city-level and individual-level data of 21,974 individuals across 150 districts. We employed a two-way fixed effects model to estimate the impact of hospital competition on healthcare quality. To mitigate endogeneity concerns, we instrumented hospital competition with the inverse of the average distance and average travel time from patients to hospitals and performed the Two-Stage Least Squares methods.ResultsThis study showed a positive effect of hospital competition on both technical and non-technical healthcare quality. The impact is larger for primary hospitals and inpatient services; it is significantly positive for technical healthcare quality in public hospitals. Additionally, our findings implied that hospital competition affects healthcare income, which in turn affects non-technical healthcare quality, but healthcare income and demand jointly influence the relationship between hospital competition and technical healthcare quality.ConclusionThe finding provides new evidence of the impact of hospital competition on both technical and non-technical healthcare quality in China, highlighting a positive relationship that differs from some previous studies. This evidence offers valuable policy implications on hospital competition and also emphasizes the importance of considering the heterogeneity of hospitals and services in policy-making.
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spelling doaj-art-a33c977ec77e4f2384e775952a8d04e82025-08-20T02:34:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652025-05-011310.3389/fpubh.2025.15438841543884The impact of hospital competition on healthcare quality: evidence from China’s healthcare reformHuimin Liu0Junyan Jiang1Liangchun Yu2Xianpeng Liu3School of Economics and Management, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, ChinaSchool of Economics, Shandong University, Jinan, ChinaSchool of Economics, Shandong University, Jinan, ChinaCollege of Architecture and Design, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, ChinaIntroductionHospital competition has been a common feature in healthcare reforms worldwide, yet scant attention has been paid to its impact on healthcare quality in China. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the impact of hospital competition on healthcare quality under China’s healthcare reform.MethodsThis study used multiple datasets comprising city-level and individual-level data of 21,974 individuals across 150 districts. We employed a two-way fixed effects model to estimate the impact of hospital competition on healthcare quality. To mitigate endogeneity concerns, we instrumented hospital competition with the inverse of the average distance and average travel time from patients to hospitals and performed the Two-Stage Least Squares methods.ResultsThis study showed a positive effect of hospital competition on both technical and non-technical healthcare quality. The impact is larger for primary hospitals and inpatient services; it is significantly positive for technical healthcare quality in public hospitals. Additionally, our findings implied that hospital competition affects healthcare income, which in turn affects non-technical healthcare quality, but healthcare income and demand jointly influence the relationship between hospital competition and technical healthcare quality.ConclusionThe finding provides new evidence of the impact of hospital competition on both technical and non-technical healthcare quality in China, highlighting a positive relationship that differs from some previous studies. This evidence offers valuable policy implications on hospital competition and also emphasizes the importance of considering the heterogeneity of hospitals and services in policy-making.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1543884/fullhospitalcompetitiontechnical healthcare qualitynon-technical healthcare qualityhealthcare reform in Chinasustainable development goals
spellingShingle Huimin Liu
Junyan Jiang
Liangchun Yu
Xianpeng Liu
The impact of hospital competition on healthcare quality: evidence from China’s healthcare reform
Frontiers in Public Health
hospital
competition
technical healthcare quality
non-technical healthcare quality
healthcare reform in China
sustainable development goals
title The impact of hospital competition on healthcare quality: evidence from China’s healthcare reform
title_full The impact of hospital competition on healthcare quality: evidence from China’s healthcare reform
title_fullStr The impact of hospital competition on healthcare quality: evidence from China’s healthcare reform
title_full_unstemmed The impact of hospital competition on healthcare quality: evidence from China’s healthcare reform
title_short The impact of hospital competition on healthcare quality: evidence from China’s healthcare reform
title_sort impact of hospital competition on healthcare quality evidence from china s healthcare reform
topic hospital
competition
technical healthcare quality
non-technical healthcare quality
healthcare reform in China
sustainable development goals
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1543884/full
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