Targeting efflux pumps prevents the multi-step evolution of high-level resistance to fluoroquinolone in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

ABSTRACT Antibiotic resistance is emerging as a significant global health crisis, necessitating the urgent development of novel antibiotics or alternative therapies. Although it is recognized that bacteria require multiple mutations to develop resistance levels exceeding the mutant prevention concen...

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Main Authors: Xiao-Quan Yu, Hao Yang, Han-Zhong Feng, Jun Hou, Jun-Qiang Tian, Shao-Min Niu, Chong-Ge You, Xuan-Yu Tao, Si-Ping Zhang, Zhi-Ping Wang, Yong-Xing He
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Society for Microbiology 2025-04-01
Series:Microbiology Spectrum
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Online Access:https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.02981-24
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author Xiao-Quan Yu
Hao Yang
Han-Zhong Feng
Jun Hou
Jun-Qiang Tian
Shao-Min Niu
Chong-Ge You
Xuan-Yu Tao
Si-Ping Zhang
Zhi-Ping Wang
Yong-Xing He
author_facet Xiao-Quan Yu
Hao Yang
Han-Zhong Feng
Jun Hou
Jun-Qiang Tian
Shao-Min Niu
Chong-Ge You
Xuan-Yu Tao
Si-Ping Zhang
Zhi-Ping Wang
Yong-Xing He
author_sort Xiao-Quan Yu
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Antibiotic resistance is emerging as a significant global health crisis, necessitating the urgent development of novel antibiotics or alternative therapies. Although it is recognized that bacteria require multiple mutations to develop resistance levels exceeding the mutant prevention concentration, the specific mutation combinations conferring high resistance have been largely undefined. Here, we investigated the multi-step evolution of fluoroquinolone resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa through experimental evolution and whole-genome sequencing coupled with proteomic approaches. We discovered that in low-dose and high-dose experimental evolution scenarios, combinations of mutations in the negative regulators of efflux pumps (nfxB/mexR) and DNA gyrases (gyrA/gyrB) contributed to the high-level resistance and some of these combinations were also prevalent in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. Notably, the selected nfxB mutation, which resulted in the overexpression of the MexCD-OprJ efflux pump, also exhibited collateral sensitivity to aminoglycosides and enhanced antibiotic tolerance. It was further revealed that the efflux pump inhibitor phenylalanine-arginine β-naphthylamide (PAβN) could effectively prevent evolution to high-level resistance for both laboratory and clinical P. aeruginosa strains. Our work highlights the critical role of efflux pump repressor-related mutations in the evolution of high-level antibiotic resistance and demonstrates the potential of targeting these mutations to impede the evolution toward high-level resistance.IMPORTANCEIn this study, we examined the stepwise evolution of fluoroquinolone resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa using experimental evolution, whole-genome sequencing, and proteomic analyses. Our findings revealed that under both low-dose and high-dose conditions, mutations in efflux pump regulators (nfxB/mexR) and DNA gyrase genes (gyrA/gyrB) synergistically contributed to high-level resistance. These mutation combinations were not only observed in experimental settings but also detected in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. This work underscores the pivotal role of efflux pump repressor-related mutations in the progression to high-level antibiotic resistance. It also highlights the promise of targeting efflux pumps as a strategy to prevent the multi-step evolution of resistance in P. aeruginosa.
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spelling doaj-art-a33822d920004baeb9cbfbcfbb75cc692025-08-20T02:53:34ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologyMicrobiology Spectrum2165-04972025-04-0113410.1128/spectrum.02981-24Targeting efflux pumps prevents the multi-step evolution of high-level resistance to fluoroquinolone in Pseudomonas aeruginosaXiao-Quan Yu0Hao Yang1Han-Zhong Feng2Jun Hou3Jun-Qiang Tian4Shao-Min Niu5Chong-Ge You6Xuan-Yu Tao7Si-Ping Zhang8Zhi-Ping Wang9Yong-Xing He10Institute of Urology, Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for urinary system disease, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute of Urology, Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for urinary system disease, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute of Urology, Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for urinary system disease, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of ChinaLaboratory Medicine Center, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USAMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute of Urology, Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for urinary system disease, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of ChinaABSTRACT Antibiotic resistance is emerging as a significant global health crisis, necessitating the urgent development of novel antibiotics or alternative therapies. Although it is recognized that bacteria require multiple mutations to develop resistance levels exceeding the mutant prevention concentration, the specific mutation combinations conferring high resistance have been largely undefined. Here, we investigated the multi-step evolution of fluoroquinolone resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa through experimental evolution and whole-genome sequencing coupled with proteomic approaches. We discovered that in low-dose and high-dose experimental evolution scenarios, combinations of mutations in the negative regulators of efflux pumps (nfxB/mexR) and DNA gyrases (gyrA/gyrB) contributed to the high-level resistance and some of these combinations were also prevalent in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. Notably, the selected nfxB mutation, which resulted in the overexpression of the MexCD-OprJ efflux pump, also exhibited collateral sensitivity to aminoglycosides and enhanced antibiotic tolerance. It was further revealed that the efflux pump inhibitor phenylalanine-arginine β-naphthylamide (PAβN) could effectively prevent evolution to high-level resistance for both laboratory and clinical P. aeruginosa strains. Our work highlights the critical role of efflux pump repressor-related mutations in the evolution of high-level antibiotic resistance and demonstrates the potential of targeting these mutations to impede the evolution toward high-level resistance.IMPORTANCEIn this study, we examined the stepwise evolution of fluoroquinolone resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa using experimental evolution, whole-genome sequencing, and proteomic analyses. Our findings revealed that under both low-dose and high-dose conditions, mutations in efflux pump regulators (nfxB/mexR) and DNA gyrase genes (gyrA/gyrB) synergistically contributed to high-level resistance. These mutation combinations were not only observed in experimental settings but also detected in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. This work underscores the pivotal role of efflux pump repressor-related mutations in the progression to high-level antibiotic resistance. It also highlights the promise of targeting efflux pumps as a strategy to prevent the multi-step evolution of resistance in P. aeruginosa.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.02981-24antimicrobial resistance evolutionefflux pumpPseudomonas aeruginosa
spellingShingle Xiao-Quan Yu
Hao Yang
Han-Zhong Feng
Jun Hou
Jun-Qiang Tian
Shao-Min Niu
Chong-Ge You
Xuan-Yu Tao
Si-Ping Zhang
Zhi-Ping Wang
Yong-Xing He
Targeting efflux pumps prevents the multi-step evolution of high-level resistance to fluoroquinolone in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Microbiology Spectrum
antimicrobial resistance evolution
efflux pump
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
title Targeting efflux pumps prevents the multi-step evolution of high-level resistance to fluoroquinolone in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
title_full Targeting efflux pumps prevents the multi-step evolution of high-level resistance to fluoroquinolone in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
title_fullStr Targeting efflux pumps prevents the multi-step evolution of high-level resistance to fluoroquinolone in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
title_full_unstemmed Targeting efflux pumps prevents the multi-step evolution of high-level resistance to fluoroquinolone in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
title_short Targeting efflux pumps prevents the multi-step evolution of high-level resistance to fluoroquinolone in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
title_sort targeting efflux pumps prevents the multi step evolution of high level resistance to fluoroquinolone in pseudomonas aeruginosa
topic antimicrobial resistance evolution
efflux pump
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
url https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.02981-24
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