A novel approach to exploring infant gaze patterns with AI-manipulated videos

Abstract Eye tracking is a widely used tool to study infant development, but creating diverse stimuli while maintaining high control over confounding variables can be challenging. In this proof-of-concept study, we examined an innovative way to generate ecologically valid stimuli using AI technology...

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Main Authors: Charlotte Viktorsson, Tobias Lundman, Kim Astor
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-06-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02727-z
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author Charlotte Viktorsson
Tobias Lundman
Kim Astor
author_facet Charlotte Viktorsson
Tobias Lundman
Kim Astor
author_sort Charlotte Viktorsson
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Eye tracking is a widely used tool to study infant development, but creating diverse stimuli while maintaining high control over confounding variables can be challenging. In this proof-of-concept study, we examined an innovative way to generate ecologically valid stimuli using AI technology, in order to create videos that can be used in culturally diverse settings. Using the eye-mouth-index (EMI), a commonly used paradigm in infant eye tracking, we examined the consistency of eye tracking measures across original videos and two types of AI-manipulated videos in a sample of 46 infants aged 12–14 months. We found a very strong correlation of the EMI across original and AI videos (r = 0.873–0.874), and there were no statistically significant differences between mean EMI in the original and AI conditions. Additionally, we created culturally diverse videos to measure gaze following, and found that children followed the gaze of the people in the AI-manipulated videos in an expected manner. In conclusion, AI technology provides promising tools to create ecologically valid and culturally diverse stimuli, that can be used to conduct studies in a wide range of settings and to examine the generalizability of earlier findings in the field of developmental psychology.
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spelling doaj-art-a32519400d9c42a3a5e2b6ff173d24f22025-08-20T02:10:36ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-06-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-02727-zA novel approach to exploring infant gaze patterns with AI-manipulated videosCharlotte Viktorsson0Tobias Lundman1Kim Astor2Development and Neurodiversity Lab, Department of Psychology, Uppsala UniversityDevelopment and Neurodiversity Lab, Department of Psychology, Uppsala UniversityUppsala Child and Baby Lab, Department of Psychology, Uppsala UniversityAbstract Eye tracking is a widely used tool to study infant development, but creating diverse stimuli while maintaining high control over confounding variables can be challenging. In this proof-of-concept study, we examined an innovative way to generate ecologically valid stimuli using AI technology, in order to create videos that can be used in culturally diverse settings. Using the eye-mouth-index (EMI), a commonly used paradigm in infant eye tracking, we examined the consistency of eye tracking measures across original videos and two types of AI-manipulated videos in a sample of 46 infants aged 12–14 months. We found a very strong correlation of the EMI across original and AI videos (r = 0.873–0.874), and there were no statistically significant differences between mean EMI in the original and AI conditions. Additionally, we created culturally diverse videos to measure gaze following, and found that children followed the gaze of the people in the AI-manipulated videos in an expected manner. In conclusion, AI technology provides promising tools to create ecologically valid and culturally diverse stimuli, that can be used to conduct studies in a wide range of settings and to examine the generalizability of earlier findings in the field of developmental psychology.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02727-zEye trackingInfantsAIEye-mouth-indexGaze followingSocial attention
spellingShingle Charlotte Viktorsson
Tobias Lundman
Kim Astor
A novel approach to exploring infant gaze patterns with AI-manipulated videos
Scientific Reports
Eye tracking
Infants
AI
Eye-mouth-index
Gaze following
Social attention
title A novel approach to exploring infant gaze patterns with AI-manipulated videos
title_full A novel approach to exploring infant gaze patterns with AI-manipulated videos
title_fullStr A novel approach to exploring infant gaze patterns with AI-manipulated videos
title_full_unstemmed A novel approach to exploring infant gaze patterns with AI-manipulated videos
title_short A novel approach to exploring infant gaze patterns with AI-manipulated videos
title_sort novel approach to exploring infant gaze patterns with ai manipulated videos
topic Eye tracking
Infants
AI
Eye-mouth-index
Gaze following
Social attention
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02727-z
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