Evaluating the amoeba thioredoxin reductase selenoprotein as potential drug target for treatment of Acanthamoeba infections

The genus Acanthamoeba comprises facultative pathogens, causing Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). In both diseases, treatment options are limited, and drug development is challenging. This study aimed to investigate the role of the large thioredoxin reductase...

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Main Authors: Alvie Loufouma-Mbouaka, Attila Andor, David Leitsch, Jorge Pérez-Serrano, Elias S.J. Arnér, Julia Walochnik, Tania Martín-Pérez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211320724000459
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author Alvie Loufouma-Mbouaka
Attila Andor
David Leitsch
Jorge Pérez-Serrano
Elias S.J. Arnér
Julia Walochnik
Tania Martín-Pérez
author_facet Alvie Loufouma-Mbouaka
Attila Andor
David Leitsch
Jorge Pérez-Serrano
Elias S.J. Arnér
Julia Walochnik
Tania Martín-Pérez
author_sort Alvie Loufouma-Mbouaka
collection DOAJ
description The genus Acanthamoeba comprises facultative pathogens, causing Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). In both diseases, treatment options are limited, and drug development is challenging. This study aimed to investigate the role of the large thioredoxin reductase selenoprotein of Acanthamoeba (AcTrxR-L) as a potential drug target assessing the effects of the thioredoxin reductase inhibitors auranofin, TRi-1, and TRi-2 on AcTrxR-L activity and on the viability of Acanthamoeba trophozoites. Recombinant expression and purification of AcTrxR-L as a selenoprotein allowed assessments of its enzymatic activity, with reduction of various substrates, including different thioredoxin isoforms. Auranofin demonstrated potent inhibition towards AcTrxR-L, followed by TRi-1, and TRi-2 exhibiting lower effectiveness. The inhibitors showed variable activity against trophozoites in culture, with TRi-1 and TRi-2 resulting in strongly impaired trophozoite viability. Cytotoxicity tests with human corneal epithelial cells revealed lower susceptibility to all compounds compared to Acanthamoeba trophozoites, underscoring their potential as future amoebicidal agents. Altogether, this study highlights the druggability of AcTrxR-L and suggests it to be a promising drug target for the treatment of Acanthamoeba infections. Further research is warranted to elucidate the role of AcTrxR-L in Acanthamoeba pathogenesis and to develop effective therapeutic strategies targeting this redox enzyme.
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spelling doaj-art-a321e913316c4f588aebb3207daad9b22025-08-20T01:59:04ZengElsevierInternational Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance2211-32072024-12-012610056410.1016/j.ijpddr.2024.100564Evaluating the amoeba thioredoxin reductase selenoprotein as potential drug target for treatment of Acanthamoeba infectionsAlvie Loufouma-Mbouaka0Attila Andor1David Leitsch2Jorge Pérez-Serrano3Elias S.J. Arnér4Julia Walochnik5Tania Martín-Pérez6Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, AustriaDepartment of Selenoprotein Research and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenInstitute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, AustriaDepartment of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Selenoprotein Research and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenInstitute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, AustriaInstitute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Corresponding author.The genus Acanthamoeba comprises facultative pathogens, causing Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). In both diseases, treatment options are limited, and drug development is challenging. This study aimed to investigate the role of the large thioredoxin reductase selenoprotein of Acanthamoeba (AcTrxR-L) as a potential drug target assessing the effects of the thioredoxin reductase inhibitors auranofin, TRi-1, and TRi-2 on AcTrxR-L activity and on the viability of Acanthamoeba trophozoites. Recombinant expression and purification of AcTrxR-L as a selenoprotein allowed assessments of its enzymatic activity, with reduction of various substrates, including different thioredoxin isoforms. Auranofin demonstrated potent inhibition towards AcTrxR-L, followed by TRi-1, and TRi-2 exhibiting lower effectiveness. The inhibitors showed variable activity against trophozoites in culture, with TRi-1 and TRi-2 resulting in strongly impaired trophozoite viability. Cytotoxicity tests with human corneal epithelial cells revealed lower susceptibility to all compounds compared to Acanthamoeba trophozoites, underscoring their potential as future amoebicidal agents. Altogether, this study highlights the druggability of AcTrxR-L and suggests it to be a promising drug target for the treatment of Acanthamoeba infections. Further research is warranted to elucidate the role of AcTrxR-L in Acanthamoeba pathogenesis and to develop effective therapeutic strategies targeting this redox enzyme.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211320724000459Acanthamoeba castellaniiRedox systemThioredoxin reductaseSelenoproteinAuranofinThioredoxin reductase inhibitor
spellingShingle Alvie Loufouma-Mbouaka
Attila Andor
David Leitsch
Jorge Pérez-Serrano
Elias S.J. Arnér
Julia Walochnik
Tania Martín-Pérez
Evaluating the amoeba thioredoxin reductase selenoprotein as potential drug target for treatment of Acanthamoeba infections
International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance
Acanthamoeba castellanii
Redox system
Thioredoxin reductase
Selenoprotein
Auranofin
Thioredoxin reductase inhibitor
title Evaluating the amoeba thioredoxin reductase selenoprotein as potential drug target for treatment of Acanthamoeba infections
title_full Evaluating the amoeba thioredoxin reductase selenoprotein as potential drug target for treatment of Acanthamoeba infections
title_fullStr Evaluating the amoeba thioredoxin reductase selenoprotein as potential drug target for treatment of Acanthamoeba infections
title_full_unstemmed Evaluating the amoeba thioredoxin reductase selenoprotein as potential drug target for treatment of Acanthamoeba infections
title_short Evaluating the amoeba thioredoxin reductase selenoprotein as potential drug target for treatment of Acanthamoeba infections
title_sort evaluating the amoeba thioredoxin reductase selenoprotein as potential drug target for treatment of acanthamoeba infections
topic Acanthamoeba castellanii
Redox system
Thioredoxin reductase
Selenoprotein
Auranofin
Thioredoxin reductase inhibitor
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211320724000459
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