Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis, Probiotic Potential, and Safety Assessment of the Marine Bacterium <i>Paraliobacillus zengyii</i> CGMCC1.16464
<i>Paraliobacillus zengyii</i> CGMCC1.16464 (<i>P. zengyii</i>) is a novel antiviral probiotic candidate strain. To ensure its safety as a potential probiotic, a safety evaluation was conducted in this study. The safety and functional potential of <i>P. zengyii</i>...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| author | Qianjin Fan Mengqi Jiao Haoyue Huangfu Lan Chen Beijie Li Zhijie Cao Xuelian Luo Jianguo Xu |
| author_facet | Qianjin Fan Mengqi Jiao Haoyue Huangfu Lan Chen Beijie Li Zhijie Cao Xuelian Luo Jianguo Xu |
| author_sort | Qianjin Fan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Paraliobacillus zengyii</i> CGMCC1.16464 (<i>P. zengyii</i>) is a novel antiviral probiotic candidate strain. To ensure its safety as a potential probiotic, a safety evaluation was conducted in this study. The safety and functional potential of <i>P. zengyii</i> were systematically assessed through genomic bioinformatics analysis, in vitro experiments, and acute oral toxicity tests in mice. Genomic analysis revealed that <i>P. zengyii</i> is rich in genes related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms and carries genes encoding antimicrobial and antiviral agents (such as ectoine, type III polyketide synthase, and lasso peptides). It also expresses gastrointestinal tolerance-related proteins (ClpC, GroEL, and ClpP). Its resistance to polymyxins is an inherent trait with no risk of plasmid-mediated transfer. In vitro experiments confirmed that <i>P. zengyii</i> is somewhat tolerant to bile salts and acidic environments and does not exhibit hemolytic or gelatinase activity. Importantly, an acute oral toxicity test in mice revealed that after intervention with high, medium, or low doses, no significant abnormalities in the body weight, organ index, or tissue morphology of the mice were observed. In conclusion, <i>P. zengyii</i> exhibited good safety and probiotic potential in terms of genomic safety, metabolic function, and in vitro and in vivo toxicities, providing a theoretical basis for the development of novel functional probiotics. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a31bf571632d4bbb8b2dcd77289d87d9 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj-art-a31bf571632d4bbb8b2dcd77289d87d92025-08-20T02:34:01ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972025-05-0123520210.3390/md23050202Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis, Probiotic Potential, and Safety Assessment of the Marine Bacterium <i>Paraliobacillus zengyii</i> CGMCC1.16464Qianjin Fan0Mengqi Jiao1Haoyue Huangfu2Lan Chen3Beijie Li4Zhijie Cao5Xuelian Luo6Jianguo Xu7School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, ChinaSchool of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinaCenter of Reverse Microbial Etiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, ChinaCenter of Reverse Microbial Etiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, ChinaSchool of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China<i>Paraliobacillus zengyii</i> CGMCC1.16464 (<i>P. zengyii</i>) is a novel antiviral probiotic candidate strain. To ensure its safety as a potential probiotic, a safety evaluation was conducted in this study. The safety and functional potential of <i>P. zengyii</i> were systematically assessed through genomic bioinformatics analysis, in vitro experiments, and acute oral toxicity tests in mice. Genomic analysis revealed that <i>P. zengyii</i> is rich in genes related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms and carries genes encoding antimicrobial and antiviral agents (such as ectoine, type III polyketide synthase, and lasso peptides). It also expresses gastrointestinal tolerance-related proteins (ClpC, GroEL, and ClpP). Its resistance to polymyxins is an inherent trait with no risk of plasmid-mediated transfer. In vitro experiments confirmed that <i>P. zengyii</i> is somewhat tolerant to bile salts and acidic environments and does not exhibit hemolytic or gelatinase activity. Importantly, an acute oral toxicity test in mice revealed that after intervention with high, medium, or low doses, no significant abnormalities in the body weight, organ index, or tissue morphology of the mice were observed. In conclusion, <i>P. zengyii</i> exhibited good safety and probiotic potential in terms of genomic safety, metabolic function, and in vitro and in vivo toxicities, providing a theoretical basis for the development of novel functional probiotics.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/23/5/202<i>Paraliobacillus zengyii</i> CGMCC1.16464marine bacteriumin vitro and in vivo safety assessmentswhole-genome sequence analysis |
| spellingShingle | Qianjin Fan Mengqi Jiao Haoyue Huangfu Lan Chen Beijie Li Zhijie Cao Xuelian Luo Jianguo Xu Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis, Probiotic Potential, and Safety Assessment of the Marine Bacterium <i>Paraliobacillus zengyii</i> CGMCC1.16464 Marine Drugs <i>Paraliobacillus zengyii</i> CGMCC1.16464 marine bacterium in vitro and in vivo safety assessments whole-genome sequence analysis |
| title | Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis, Probiotic Potential, and Safety Assessment of the Marine Bacterium <i>Paraliobacillus zengyii</i> CGMCC1.16464 |
| title_full | Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis, Probiotic Potential, and Safety Assessment of the Marine Bacterium <i>Paraliobacillus zengyii</i> CGMCC1.16464 |
| title_fullStr | Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis, Probiotic Potential, and Safety Assessment of the Marine Bacterium <i>Paraliobacillus zengyii</i> CGMCC1.16464 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis, Probiotic Potential, and Safety Assessment of the Marine Bacterium <i>Paraliobacillus zengyii</i> CGMCC1.16464 |
| title_short | Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis, Probiotic Potential, and Safety Assessment of the Marine Bacterium <i>Paraliobacillus zengyii</i> CGMCC1.16464 |
| title_sort | whole genome sequence analysis probiotic potential and safety assessment of the marine bacterium i paraliobacillus zengyii i cgmcc1 16464 |
| topic | <i>Paraliobacillus zengyii</i> CGMCC1.16464 marine bacterium in vitro and in vivo safety assessments whole-genome sequence analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/23/5/202 |
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