The Research on Path Planning Method for Detecting Automotive Steering Knuckles Based on Phased Array Ultrasound Point Cloud
To address the challenges of automatic detection caused by the variation of surface normal vectors in automotive steering knuckles, an automatic detection method based on ultrasonic phased array technology is herein proposed. First, a point cloud model of the workpiece was constructed using ultrason...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/9/2907 |
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| author | Yihao Mao Jun Tu Huizhen Wang Yangfan Zhou Qiao Wu Xu Zhang Xiaochun Song |
| author_facet | Yihao Mao Jun Tu Huizhen Wang Yangfan Zhou Qiao Wu Xu Zhang Xiaochun Song |
| author_sort | Yihao Mao |
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| description | To address the challenges of automatic detection caused by the variation of surface normal vectors in automotive steering knuckles, an automatic detection method based on ultrasonic phased array technology is herein proposed. First, a point cloud model of the workpiece was constructed using ultrasonic distance measurement, and Gaussian-weighted principal component analysis was used to estimate the normal vectors of the point cloud. By utilizing the normal vectors, water layer thickness during detection, and the incident angle of the sound beam, the probe pose information corresponding to the detection point was precisely calculated, ensuring the stability of the sound beam incident angle during the detection process. At the same time, in the trajectory planning process, piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation was used to optimize the detection trajectory, ensuring continuity during probe movement. Finally, an automatic detection system was set up to test a steering knuckle specimen with surface circumferential cracks. The results show that the point cloud data of the steering knuckle specimen, obtained using phased array ultrasound, had a relative measurement error controlled within 1.4%, and the error between the calculated probe angle and the theoretical angle did not exceed 0.5°. The probe trajectory derived from these data effectively improved the B-scan image quality during the automatic detection of the steering knuckle and increased the defect signal amplitude by 5.6 dB, demonstrating the effectiveness of this method in the automatic detection of automotive steering knuckles. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a315ca77cbff4aa29fc2f3dad033f303 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-a315ca77cbff4aa29fc2f3dad033f3032025-08-20T02:31:08ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-05-01259290710.3390/s25092907The Research on Path Planning Method for Detecting Automotive Steering Knuckles Based on Phased Array Ultrasound Point CloudYihao Mao0Jun Tu1Huizhen Wang2Yangfan Zhou3Qiao Wu4Xu Zhang5Xiaochun Song6School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, ChinaTo address the challenges of automatic detection caused by the variation of surface normal vectors in automotive steering knuckles, an automatic detection method based on ultrasonic phased array technology is herein proposed. First, a point cloud model of the workpiece was constructed using ultrasonic distance measurement, and Gaussian-weighted principal component analysis was used to estimate the normal vectors of the point cloud. By utilizing the normal vectors, water layer thickness during detection, and the incident angle of the sound beam, the probe pose information corresponding to the detection point was precisely calculated, ensuring the stability of the sound beam incident angle during the detection process. At the same time, in the trajectory planning process, piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation was used to optimize the detection trajectory, ensuring continuity during probe movement. Finally, an automatic detection system was set up to test a steering knuckle specimen with surface circumferential cracks. The results show that the point cloud data of the steering knuckle specimen, obtained using phased array ultrasound, had a relative measurement error controlled within 1.4%, and the error between the calculated probe angle and the theoretical angle did not exceed 0.5°. The probe trajectory derived from these data effectively improved the B-scan image quality during the automatic detection of the steering knuckle and increased the defect signal amplitude by 5.6 dB, demonstrating the effectiveness of this method in the automatic detection of automotive steering knuckles.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/9/2907nondestructive testingultrasonic phased arrayautomotive steering knuckleultrasonic point cloudpath planning |
| spellingShingle | Yihao Mao Jun Tu Huizhen Wang Yangfan Zhou Qiao Wu Xu Zhang Xiaochun Song The Research on Path Planning Method for Detecting Automotive Steering Knuckles Based on Phased Array Ultrasound Point Cloud Sensors nondestructive testing ultrasonic phased array automotive steering knuckle ultrasonic point cloud path planning |
| title | The Research on Path Planning Method for Detecting Automotive Steering Knuckles Based on Phased Array Ultrasound Point Cloud |
| title_full | The Research on Path Planning Method for Detecting Automotive Steering Knuckles Based on Phased Array Ultrasound Point Cloud |
| title_fullStr | The Research on Path Planning Method for Detecting Automotive Steering Knuckles Based on Phased Array Ultrasound Point Cloud |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Research on Path Planning Method for Detecting Automotive Steering Knuckles Based on Phased Array Ultrasound Point Cloud |
| title_short | The Research on Path Planning Method for Detecting Automotive Steering Knuckles Based on Phased Array Ultrasound Point Cloud |
| title_sort | research on path planning method for detecting automotive steering knuckles based on phased array ultrasound point cloud |
| topic | nondestructive testing ultrasonic phased array automotive steering knuckle ultrasonic point cloud path planning |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/9/2907 |
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