Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Advances and Future Expectations
Primary liver cancer is a common kind of digestive cancers with high malignancy, causing 745,500 deaths each year. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the major pathological type of primary liver cancer. Traditional treatment methods for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have shown poor efficacy in kil...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Immunology Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8740976 |
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| author | Yingjun Xie Yien Xiang Jiyao Sheng Dan Zhang Xiaoxiao Yao Yongsheng Yang Xuewen Zhang |
| author_facet | Yingjun Xie Yien Xiang Jiyao Sheng Dan Zhang Xiaoxiao Yao Yongsheng Yang Xuewen Zhang |
| author_sort | Yingjun Xie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Primary liver cancer is a common kind of digestive cancers with high malignancy, causing 745,500 deaths each year. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the major pathological type of primary liver cancer. Traditional treatment methods for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have shown poor efficacy in killing residual cancer cells for a long time. In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has emerged as a promising method owing to its safety and efficacy with respect to delaying the progression of advanced tumors and protecting postoperative patients against tumor relapse and metastasis. Immune tolerance and suppression in tumor microenvironments are the theoretical basis of immunotherapy. Adoptive cell therapy functions by stimulating and cultivating autologous lymphocytes ex vivo and then reinfusing them into the patient to kill cancer cells. Cancer vaccination is performed using antigenic substances to activate tumor-specific immune responses. Immune checkpoint inhibitors can reactivate tumor-specific T cells and develop an antitumor effect by suppressing checkpoint-mediated signaling. Oncolytic viruses may selectively replicate in tumor cells and cause lysis without harming normal tissues. Here, we briefly introduce the mechanism of immunosuppression in hepatocellular carcinoma and summarize the rationale of the four major immunotherapeutic approaches with their current advances. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a31261e17ae04a5c815e3753f83f592a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-8861 2314-7156 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Immunology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-a31261e17ae04a5c815e3753f83f592a2025-02-03T01:20:34ZengWileyJournal of Immunology Research2314-88612314-71562018-01-01201810.1155/2018/87409768740976Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Advances and Future ExpectationsYingjun Xie0Yien Xiang1Jiyao Sheng2Dan Zhang3Xiaoxiao Yao4Yongsheng Yang5Xuewen Zhang6Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, ChinaDepartment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, ChinaDepartment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, ChinaDepartment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, ChinaDepartment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, ChinaDepartment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, ChinaDepartment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, ChinaPrimary liver cancer is a common kind of digestive cancers with high malignancy, causing 745,500 deaths each year. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the major pathological type of primary liver cancer. Traditional treatment methods for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have shown poor efficacy in killing residual cancer cells for a long time. In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has emerged as a promising method owing to its safety and efficacy with respect to delaying the progression of advanced tumors and protecting postoperative patients against tumor relapse and metastasis. Immune tolerance and suppression in tumor microenvironments are the theoretical basis of immunotherapy. Adoptive cell therapy functions by stimulating and cultivating autologous lymphocytes ex vivo and then reinfusing them into the patient to kill cancer cells. Cancer vaccination is performed using antigenic substances to activate tumor-specific immune responses. Immune checkpoint inhibitors can reactivate tumor-specific T cells and develop an antitumor effect by suppressing checkpoint-mediated signaling. Oncolytic viruses may selectively replicate in tumor cells and cause lysis without harming normal tissues. Here, we briefly introduce the mechanism of immunosuppression in hepatocellular carcinoma and summarize the rationale of the four major immunotherapeutic approaches with their current advances.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8740976 |
| spellingShingle | Yingjun Xie Yien Xiang Jiyao Sheng Dan Zhang Xiaoxiao Yao Yongsheng Yang Xuewen Zhang Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Advances and Future Expectations Journal of Immunology Research |
| title | Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Advances and Future Expectations |
| title_full | Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Advances and Future Expectations |
| title_fullStr | Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Advances and Future Expectations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Advances and Future Expectations |
| title_short | Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Advances and Future Expectations |
| title_sort | immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma current advances and future expectations |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8740976 |
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