Gustatory receptors interact with the serotonin pathway to regulate silkmoth stereotyped courtship behavior

Abstract Background Gustatory receptors (GRs) are known to mediate responses to various chemical stimuli including sugars and bitter compounds and sex pheromones. Although numerous types of GRs have been identified across insect species, the physiological roles of most GRs remain largely unknown. Th...

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Main Authors: Zhongjie Zhang, Xiaojing Liu, Mengdan Chen, Chenxin Sun, Dalin Zhu, Jialong Lei, Qingyun He, Qi Yan, Shuanglin Dong, Anjiang Tan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Biology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-025-02352-2
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author Zhongjie Zhang
Xiaojing Liu
Mengdan Chen
Chenxin Sun
Dalin Zhu
Jialong Lei
Qingyun He
Qi Yan
Shuanglin Dong
Anjiang Tan
author_facet Zhongjie Zhang
Xiaojing Liu
Mengdan Chen
Chenxin Sun
Dalin Zhu
Jialong Lei
Qingyun He
Qi Yan
Shuanglin Dong
Anjiang Tan
author_sort Zhongjie Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Gustatory receptors (GRs) are known to mediate responses to various chemical stimuli including sugars and bitter compounds and sex pheromones. Although numerous types of GRs have been identified across insect species, the physiological roles of most GRs remain largely unknown. The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is representative of the order Lepidoptera, which includes over 70% of agriculturally important pest species. A notable feature of GRs in B. mori is that most GRs are organized in clusters, making them highly suitable for large-scale genetic studies. Results Here we developed a transcription activator-like effector nuclease-mediated gene cluster replacement system, enabling functional studies beyond single-gene resolution. Using this system, we deleted the GR27-31 cluster in B. mori, which includes 12 GRs spanning approximately 82 kb of genomic sequence. Loss of GR27-31 function results in significant time retardation of courtship by impairing the ability of male silkmoths to seek female silkmoths. Electroantennogram analysis revealed that GR27-31 mutant male silkmoths did not change their responses to volatile sex pheromones of bombykol and bombykal compared with wild-type silkmoths, indicating that GR27-31 mutation did not affect male–female sex pheromone responses at the peripheral level. Subsequent molecular analysis revealed that mRNA relative expression of serotonin receptors was significantly affected in mutant silkmoths. Conclusions The current study provides the first genetic and phenotypic evidence that GRs modulate male–female courtship in B. mori. Furthermore, the results revealed for the first time that the serotonin pathway is associated with GR regulation of courtship behavior in insects.
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publishDate 2025-08-01
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spelling doaj-art-a302d044ab6c4c818606eb805b9144f72025-08-20T03:06:05ZengBMCBMC Biology1741-70072025-08-0123111310.1186/s12915-025-02352-2Gustatory receptors interact with the serotonin pathway to regulate silkmoth stereotyped courtship behaviorZhongjie Zhang0Xiaojing Liu1Mengdan Chen2Chenxin Sun3Dalin Zhu4Jialong Lei5Qingyun He6Qi Yan7Shuanglin Dong8Anjiang Tan9Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyJiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyJiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyJiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyJiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityKey Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyAbstract Background Gustatory receptors (GRs) are known to mediate responses to various chemical stimuli including sugars and bitter compounds and sex pheromones. Although numerous types of GRs have been identified across insect species, the physiological roles of most GRs remain largely unknown. The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is representative of the order Lepidoptera, which includes over 70% of agriculturally important pest species. A notable feature of GRs in B. mori is that most GRs are organized in clusters, making them highly suitable for large-scale genetic studies. Results Here we developed a transcription activator-like effector nuclease-mediated gene cluster replacement system, enabling functional studies beyond single-gene resolution. Using this system, we deleted the GR27-31 cluster in B. mori, which includes 12 GRs spanning approximately 82 kb of genomic sequence. Loss of GR27-31 function results in significant time retardation of courtship by impairing the ability of male silkmoths to seek female silkmoths. Electroantennogram analysis revealed that GR27-31 mutant male silkmoths did not change their responses to volatile sex pheromones of bombykol and bombykal compared with wild-type silkmoths, indicating that GR27-31 mutation did not affect male–female sex pheromone responses at the peripheral level. Subsequent molecular analysis revealed that mRNA relative expression of serotonin receptors was significantly affected in mutant silkmoths. Conclusions The current study provides the first genetic and phenotypic evidence that GRs modulate male–female courtship in B. mori. Furthermore, the results revealed for the first time that the serotonin pathway is associated with GR regulation of courtship behavior in insects.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-025-02352-2Bombyx moriGustatory receptorGR27-31 clusterCourtship behavior
spellingShingle Zhongjie Zhang
Xiaojing Liu
Mengdan Chen
Chenxin Sun
Dalin Zhu
Jialong Lei
Qingyun He
Qi Yan
Shuanglin Dong
Anjiang Tan
Gustatory receptors interact with the serotonin pathway to regulate silkmoth stereotyped courtship behavior
BMC Biology
Bombyx mori
Gustatory receptor
GR27-31 cluster
Courtship behavior
title Gustatory receptors interact with the serotonin pathway to regulate silkmoth stereotyped courtship behavior
title_full Gustatory receptors interact with the serotonin pathway to regulate silkmoth stereotyped courtship behavior
title_fullStr Gustatory receptors interact with the serotonin pathway to regulate silkmoth stereotyped courtship behavior
title_full_unstemmed Gustatory receptors interact with the serotonin pathway to regulate silkmoth stereotyped courtship behavior
title_short Gustatory receptors interact with the serotonin pathway to regulate silkmoth stereotyped courtship behavior
title_sort gustatory receptors interact with the serotonin pathway to regulate silkmoth stereotyped courtship behavior
topic Bombyx mori
Gustatory receptor
GR27-31 cluster
Courtship behavior
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-025-02352-2
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