Energy and Thermal Comfort Performance of Vacuum Glazing-Based Building Envelope Retrofit in Subtropical Climate: A Case Study

In the context of global warming, building transformation takes on a dual responsibility to be more energy-efficient and sustainable for climate change mitigation and to be more climate-resilient for occupants’ comfort. The building energy retrofitting is an urgent need due to the large amount of ex...

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Main Authors: Changyu Qiu, Hongxing Yang, Kaijun Dong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Buildings
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/12/2038
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author Changyu Qiu
Hongxing Yang
Kaijun Dong
author_facet Changyu Qiu
Hongxing Yang
Kaijun Dong
author_sort Changyu Qiu
collection DOAJ
description In the context of global warming, building transformation takes on a dual responsibility to be more energy-efficient and sustainable for climate change mitigation and to be more climate-resilient for occupants’ comfort. The building energy retrofitting is an urgent need due to the large amount of existing building stock. Especially in high-rise and high-density cities under a subtropical climate, like Hong Kong, existing buildings with large glazed façades face the challenges of high energy consumption and overheating risks. An advanced glazing system, namely the vacuum insulating glazing (VIG), shows the potential for effective building envelope retrofitting due to its excellent thermal insulation ability. Yet, its performance for practical applications in the subtropical region has not been investigated. To enhance the energy performance and thermal comfort of existing high-rise buildings, this study proposed a novel retrofitting approach by integrating the VIG into the existing window system as secondary glazing. Field experiments were conducted in a commercial building in Hong Kong to investigate the thermal performance of the VIG retrofit application under real-world conditions. Furthermore, the energy-saving potential and thermal comfort performance of the VIG retrofit were evaluated by building energy simulations. The experimental results indicate that the VIG retrofit can effectively stabilize the fluctuation of the inside glass surface temperature and significantly reduce the heat gain by up to 85.3%. The simulation work shows the significant energy-saving potential of the VIG retrofit in Hong Kong. For the VIG retrofit cases under different scenarios, the energy-saving potential varies from 12.5% to 29.7%. In terms of occupants’ thermal comfort, the VIG retrofit can significantly reduce the overheating risk and improve thermal satisfaction by 9.2%. Due to the thermal comfort improvement, the cooling setpoint could be reset to 1 °C higher without compromising the overall thermal comfort. The average payback period for the VIG application is 5.8 years and 8.6 years for the clear glass retrofit and the coated glass retrofit, respectively. Therefore, the VIG retrofit approach provides a promising solution for building envelope retrofits under subtropical climate conditions. It not only benefits building owners and occupants but also contributes to achieving long-term climate resilience and the carbon neutrality of urban areas.
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spelling doaj-art-a2f8d79d79e24bf89e95598cd90283b82025-08-20T03:26:25ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-06-011512203810.3390/buildings15122038Energy and Thermal Comfort Performance of Vacuum Glazing-Based Building Envelope Retrofit in Subtropical Climate: A Case StudyChangyu Qiu0Hongxing Yang1Kaijun Dong2Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaDepartment of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, ChinaGuangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaIn the context of global warming, building transformation takes on a dual responsibility to be more energy-efficient and sustainable for climate change mitigation and to be more climate-resilient for occupants’ comfort. The building energy retrofitting is an urgent need due to the large amount of existing building stock. Especially in high-rise and high-density cities under a subtropical climate, like Hong Kong, existing buildings with large glazed façades face the challenges of high energy consumption and overheating risks. An advanced glazing system, namely the vacuum insulating glazing (VIG), shows the potential for effective building envelope retrofitting due to its excellent thermal insulation ability. Yet, its performance for practical applications in the subtropical region has not been investigated. To enhance the energy performance and thermal comfort of existing high-rise buildings, this study proposed a novel retrofitting approach by integrating the VIG into the existing window system as secondary glazing. Field experiments were conducted in a commercial building in Hong Kong to investigate the thermal performance of the VIG retrofit application under real-world conditions. Furthermore, the energy-saving potential and thermal comfort performance of the VIG retrofit were evaluated by building energy simulations. The experimental results indicate that the VIG retrofit can effectively stabilize the fluctuation of the inside glass surface temperature and significantly reduce the heat gain by up to 85.3%. The simulation work shows the significant energy-saving potential of the VIG retrofit in Hong Kong. For the VIG retrofit cases under different scenarios, the energy-saving potential varies from 12.5% to 29.7%. In terms of occupants’ thermal comfort, the VIG retrofit can significantly reduce the overheating risk and improve thermal satisfaction by 9.2%. Due to the thermal comfort improvement, the cooling setpoint could be reset to 1 °C higher without compromising the overall thermal comfort. The average payback period for the VIG application is 5.8 years and 8.6 years for the clear glass retrofit and the coated glass retrofit, respectively. Therefore, the VIG retrofit approach provides a promising solution for building envelope retrofits under subtropical climate conditions. It not only benefits building owners and occupants but also contributes to achieving long-term climate resilience and the carbon neutrality of urban areas.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/12/2038vacuum glazingbuilding energy retrofitenergy performancethermal comfortsubtropical climate
spellingShingle Changyu Qiu
Hongxing Yang
Kaijun Dong
Energy and Thermal Comfort Performance of Vacuum Glazing-Based Building Envelope Retrofit in Subtropical Climate: A Case Study
Buildings
vacuum glazing
building energy retrofit
energy performance
thermal comfort
subtropical climate
title Energy and Thermal Comfort Performance of Vacuum Glazing-Based Building Envelope Retrofit in Subtropical Climate: A Case Study
title_full Energy and Thermal Comfort Performance of Vacuum Glazing-Based Building Envelope Retrofit in Subtropical Climate: A Case Study
title_fullStr Energy and Thermal Comfort Performance of Vacuum Glazing-Based Building Envelope Retrofit in Subtropical Climate: A Case Study
title_full_unstemmed Energy and Thermal Comfort Performance of Vacuum Glazing-Based Building Envelope Retrofit in Subtropical Climate: A Case Study
title_short Energy and Thermal Comfort Performance of Vacuum Glazing-Based Building Envelope Retrofit in Subtropical Climate: A Case Study
title_sort energy and thermal comfort performance of vacuum glazing based building envelope retrofit in subtropical climate a case study
topic vacuum glazing
building energy retrofit
energy performance
thermal comfort
subtropical climate
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/12/2038
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AT hongxingyang energyandthermalcomfortperformanceofvacuumglazingbasedbuildingenveloperetrofitinsubtropicalclimateacasestudy
AT kaijundong energyandthermalcomfortperformanceofvacuumglazingbasedbuildingenveloperetrofitinsubtropicalclimateacasestudy