Unveiling ammonia-induced cell death: a new frontier in clear cell renal cell carcinoma prognosis

BackgroundClear cell renal cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most aggressive renal carcinoma subtype of renal carcinoma, characterized by high mortality, early metastasis, and resistance to treatment. Ammonia-induced cell death (AICD) has recently been identified as a novel metabolic mechanism influencin...

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Main Authors: Peize Yu, Qikai Zhong, Xinlei Wang, Yifang Liu, Qiang Liu, Yuqiang Zhang, Jiawei Lu, Yang Dong, Cong-hui Han
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1636977/full
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author Peize Yu
Peize Yu
Qikai Zhong
Qikai Zhong
Xinlei Wang
Xinlei Wang
Yifang Liu
Qiang Liu
Qiang Liu
Yuqiang Zhang
Jiawei Lu
Yang Dong
Cong-hui Han
Cong-hui Han
author_facet Peize Yu
Peize Yu
Qikai Zhong
Qikai Zhong
Xinlei Wang
Xinlei Wang
Yifang Liu
Qiang Liu
Qiang Liu
Yuqiang Zhang
Jiawei Lu
Yang Dong
Cong-hui Han
Cong-hui Han
author_sort Peize Yu
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundClear cell renal cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most aggressive renal carcinoma subtype of renal carcinoma, characterized by high mortality, early metastasis, and resistance to treatment. Ammonia-induced cell death (AICD) has recently been identified as a novel metabolic mechanism influencing tumor progression, yet its prognostic implication and regulatory networks in KIRC remain underexplored.MethodsTranscriptomic and clinical information from the TCGA-KIRC cohort and the validation cohort (E-MTAB-1980) were analyzed. Differentially expressed AICD-related genes were identified through differential expression analysis, univariate Cox regression, and machine learning algorithms (LASSO, random forest, and CoxBoost). A prognostic risk model was developed via multivariate Cox regression. Spatial and single-cell transcriptomics were employed to characterize the immune microenvironment heterogeneity. Cell-based experiments were performed to investigate the potential involvement of ATP1A1 in KIRC. Molecular docking and pan-cancer analyses were conducted to identify therapeutic candidates and ATP1A1-related mechanisms.ResultsFive AICD-related genes (FOXM1, ANK3, ATP1A1, HADH, and PLG) were identified and selected to construct a risk score model. The model demonstrated high accuracy and was integrated into a nomogram for clinical application. High-risk (HR) patients exhibited immunosuppressive microenvironments, elevated tumor mutational burden (TMB), and genomic instability. In vitro functional assays confirmed that ATP1A1 knockdown significantly enhanced the proliferative, migratory, and invasive capabilities of renal carcinoma cells (A498 and 786-O), suggesting a suppressive role for ATP1A1 in malignant tumor progression. ATP1A1, a core gene, was associated with metabolic reprogramming and chemotherapy sensitivity across multiple cancers. Molecular docking revealed Emodinanthrone as a high-affinity ligand for ATP1A1 (−6.8 kcal/mol).ConclusionThis study identifies an AICD-associated gene signature as a robust prognostic tool for KIRC, revealing its interactions with immune evasion and genomic instability. ATP1A1 is proposed as a promising therapeutic target, with Emodinanthrone emerging as a novel drug candidate. These findings contribute to the advancement of personalized treatment strategies for KIRC patients.
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spelling doaj-art-a2f2cdc266714a3d93d8551436c82e6f2025-08-20T02:46:24ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-07-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.16369771636977Unveiling ammonia-induced cell death: a new frontier in clear cell renal cell carcinoma prognosisPeize Yu0Peize Yu1Qikai Zhong2Qikai Zhong3Xinlei Wang4Xinlei Wang5Yifang Liu6Qiang Liu7Qiang Liu8Yuqiang Zhang9Jiawei Lu10Yang Dong11Cong-hui Han12Cong-hui Han13Department of Urology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and ClinicalPharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Central Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Cancer Cell Therapy and Translational Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaBackgroundClear cell renal cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most aggressive renal carcinoma subtype of renal carcinoma, characterized by high mortality, early metastasis, and resistance to treatment. Ammonia-induced cell death (AICD) has recently been identified as a novel metabolic mechanism influencing tumor progression, yet its prognostic implication and regulatory networks in KIRC remain underexplored.MethodsTranscriptomic and clinical information from the TCGA-KIRC cohort and the validation cohort (E-MTAB-1980) were analyzed. Differentially expressed AICD-related genes were identified through differential expression analysis, univariate Cox regression, and machine learning algorithms (LASSO, random forest, and CoxBoost). A prognostic risk model was developed via multivariate Cox regression. Spatial and single-cell transcriptomics were employed to characterize the immune microenvironment heterogeneity. Cell-based experiments were performed to investigate the potential involvement of ATP1A1 in KIRC. Molecular docking and pan-cancer analyses were conducted to identify therapeutic candidates and ATP1A1-related mechanisms.ResultsFive AICD-related genes (FOXM1, ANK3, ATP1A1, HADH, and PLG) were identified and selected to construct a risk score model. The model demonstrated high accuracy and was integrated into a nomogram for clinical application. High-risk (HR) patients exhibited immunosuppressive microenvironments, elevated tumor mutational burden (TMB), and genomic instability. In vitro functional assays confirmed that ATP1A1 knockdown significantly enhanced the proliferative, migratory, and invasive capabilities of renal carcinoma cells (A498 and 786-O), suggesting a suppressive role for ATP1A1 in malignant tumor progression. ATP1A1, a core gene, was associated with metabolic reprogramming and chemotherapy sensitivity across multiple cancers. Molecular docking revealed Emodinanthrone as a high-affinity ligand for ATP1A1 (−6.8 kcal/mol).ConclusionThis study identifies an AICD-associated gene signature as a robust prognostic tool for KIRC, revealing its interactions with immune evasion and genomic instability. ATP1A1 is proposed as a promising therapeutic target, with Emodinanthrone emerging as a novel drug candidate. These findings contribute to the advancement of personalized treatment strategies for KIRC patients.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1636977/fullclear cell renal cell carcinomaammonia-induced cell deathprognostic risk modelATP1A1metabolic reprogrammingimmune microenvironment
spellingShingle Peize Yu
Peize Yu
Qikai Zhong
Qikai Zhong
Xinlei Wang
Xinlei Wang
Yifang Liu
Qiang Liu
Qiang Liu
Yuqiang Zhang
Jiawei Lu
Yang Dong
Cong-hui Han
Cong-hui Han
Unveiling ammonia-induced cell death: a new frontier in clear cell renal cell carcinoma prognosis
Frontiers in Immunology
clear cell renal cell carcinoma
ammonia-induced cell death
prognostic risk model
ATP1A1
metabolic reprogramming
immune microenvironment
title Unveiling ammonia-induced cell death: a new frontier in clear cell renal cell carcinoma prognosis
title_full Unveiling ammonia-induced cell death: a new frontier in clear cell renal cell carcinoma prognosis
title_fullStr Unveiling ammonia-induced cell death: a new frontier in clear cell renal cell carcinoma prognosis
title_full_unstemmed Unveiling ammonia-induced cell death: a new frontier in clear cell renal cell carcinoma prognosis
title_short Unveiling ammonia-induced cell death: a new frontier in clear cell renal cell carcinoma prognosis
title_sort unveiling ammonia induced cell death a new frontier in clear cell renal cell carcinoma prognosis
topic clear cell renal cell carcinoma
ammonia-induced cell death
prognostic risk model
ATP1A1
metabolic reprogramming
immune microenvironment
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1636977/full
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