Detection and Classification of Abnormal Power Load Data by Combining One-Hot Encoding and GAN–Transformer

The explosive growth of power load data has led to a substantial presence of abnormal data, which significantly reduce the accuracy of power system operation planning, load forecasting, and energy usage analysis. To address this issue, a novel improved GAN–Transformer model is proposed, leveraging t...

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Main Authors: Ting Yang, Hongyi Yu, Danhong Lu, Shengkui Bai, Yan Li, Wenyao Fan, Ketian Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1062
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author Ting Yang
Hongyi Yu
Danhong Lu
Shengkui Bai
Yan Li
Wenyao Fan
Ketian Liu
author_facet Ting Yang
Hongyi Yu
Danhong Lu
Shengkui Bai
Yan Li
Wenyao Fan
Ketian Liu
author_sort Ting Yang
collection DOAJ
description The explosive growth of power load data has led to a substantial presence of abnormal data, which significantly reduce the accuracy of power system operation planning, load forecasting, and energy usage analysis. To address this issue, a novel improved GAN–Transformer model is proposed, leveraging the adversarial structure of the generator and discriminator in Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). To provide the model with a suitable feature dataset, One-hot encoding is introduced to label different categories of abnormal power load data, enabling staged mapping and training of the model with the labeled dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model accurately identifies and classifies mutation anomalies, sustained extreme anomalies, spike anomalies, and transient extreme anomalies. Furthermore, it outperforms traditional methods such as LSTM-NDT, Transformer, OmniAnomaly and MAD-GAN in Overall Accuracy, Average Accuracy, and Kappa coefficient, thereby validating the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed anomaly detection and classification method.
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series Energies
spelling doaj-art-a2e27bdabffc42a2bc83966cb6eda5362025-08-20T02:05:09ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-02-01185106210.3390/en18051062Detection and Classification of Abnormal Power Load Data by Combining One-Hot Encoding and GAN–TransformerTing Yang0Hongyi Yu1Danhong Lu2Shengkui Bai3Yan Li4Wenyao Fan5Ketian Liu6School of Electric Power Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, ChinaSchool of Electric Power Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, ChinaSchool of Electric Power Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, ChinaSchool of Electric Power Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, ChinaSchool of Electric Power Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, ChinaSchool of Electric Power Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, ChinaSchool of Electric Power Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, ChinaThe explosive growth of power load data has led to a substantial presence of abnormal data, which significantly reduce the accuracy of power system operation planning, load forecasting, and energy usage analysis. To address this issue, a novel improved GAN–Transformer model is proposed, leveraging the adversarial structure of the generator and discriminator in Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). To provide the model with a suitable feature dataset, One-hot encoding is introduced to label different categories of abnormal power load data, enabling staged mapping and training of the model with the labeled dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model accurately identifies and classifies mutation anomalies, sustained extreme anomalies, spike anomalies, and transient extreme anomalies. Furthermore, it outperforms traditional methods such as LSTM-NDT, Transformer, OmniAnomaly and MAD-GAN in Overall Accuracy, Average Accuracy, and Kappa coefficient, thereby validating the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed anomaly detection and classification method.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1062abnormal power load dataGAN–transformerone-hot encodinganomaly detectionanomaly classification
spellingShingle Ting Yang
Hongyi Yu
Danhong Lu
Shengkui Bai
Yan Li
Wenyao Fan
Ketian Liu
Detection and Classification of Abnormal Power Load Data by Combining One-Hot Encoding and GAN–Transformer
Energies
abnormal power load data
GAN–transformer
one-hot encoding
anomaly detection
anomaly classification
title Detection and Classification of Abnormal Power Load Data by Combining One-Hot Encoding and GAN–Transformer
title_full Detection and Classification of Abnormal Power Load Data by Combining One-Hot Encoding and GAN–Transformer
title_fullStr Detection and Classification of Abnormal Power Load Data by Combining One-Hot Encoding and GAN–Transformer
title_full_unstemmed Detection and Classification of Abnormal Power Load Data by Combining One-Hot Encoding and GAN–Transformer
title_short Detection and Classification of Abnormal Power Load Data by Combining One-Hot Encoding and GAN–Transformer
title_sort detection and classification of abnormal power load data by combining one hot encoding and gan transformer
topic abnormal power load data
GAN–transformer
one-hot encoding
anomaly detection
anomaly classification
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1062
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AT hongyiyu detectionandclassificationofabnormalpowerloaddatabycombiningonehotencodingandgantransformer
AT danhonglu detectionandclassificationofabnormalpowerloaddatabycombiningonehotencodingandgantransformer
AT shengkuibai detectionandclassificationofabnormalpowerloaddatabycombiningonehotencodingandgantransformer
AT yanli detectionandclassificationofabnormalpowerloaddatabycombiningonehotencodingandgantransformer
AT wenyaofan detectionandclassificationofabnormalpowerloaddatabycombiningonehotencodingandgantransformer
AT ketianliu detectionandclassificationofabnormalpowerloaddatabycombiningonehotencodingandgantransformer