Footfall-Dependent Biomechanical Differences in Walking and Running
OBJECTIVES This study investigated biomechanical differences in lower limb joint motion, muscle activation, and plantar pressure associated with various footfall patterns during walking and running. METHODS Using inertial measurement units (IMUs), electromyography (EMG), and plantar pressure sensors...
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| Language: | English |
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Asian Society of Kinesiology
2025-07-01
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| Series: | The Asian Journal of Kinesiology |
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| Online Access: | http://ajkinesiol.org/upload/pdf/ajk-2025-27-3-101.pdf |
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| author | Chong-Hoon Lee |
| author_facet | Chong-Hoon Lee |
| author_sort | Chong-Hoon Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | OBJECTIVES This study investigated biomechanical differences in lower limb joint motion, muscle activation, and plantar pressure associated with various footfall patterns during walking and running. METHODS Using inertial measurement units (IMUs), electromyography (EMG), and plantar pressure sensors, data were collected from three healthy female participants during treadmill walking and running trials involving heel, midfoot, and forefoot contact conditions. RESULTS Results indicated that running elicited greater joint range of motion across the hip, knee, and ankle, particularly in the sagittal and transverse planes. Tibialis anterior exhibited the highest levels of muscle activation across all conditions, with especially elevated activity during running. Plantar pressure values were higher during heel contact in walking and forefoot contact in running, suggesting increased plantar forces in these conditions. CONCLUSIONS Although no statistical analyses were conducted, the observed trends suggest that footfall strategies influence joint loading and neuromuscular control. These findings may inform the design of targeted gait interventions, athletic training programs, and rehabilitation protocols. Further research with larger and more diverse samples is needed to validate and expand upon these preliminary observations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a2e27bb902314f2f98842b25bb207f6f |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2586-5595 2586-5552 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Asian Society of Kinesiology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Asian Journal of Kinesiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-a2e27bb902314f2f98842b25bb207f6f2025-08-20T03:03:49ZengAsian Society of KinesiologyThe Asian Journal of Kinesiology2586-55952586-55522025-07-0127310110610.15758/ajk.2025.27.3.101656Footfall-Dependent Biomechanical Differences in Walking and RunningChong-Hoon Lee0 Department of Sport Science, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of KoreaOBJECTIVES This study investigated biomechanical differences in lower limb joint motion, muscle activation, and plantar pressure associated with various footfall patterns during walking and running. METHODS Using inertial measurement units (IMUs), electromyography (EMG), and plantar pressure sensors, data were collected from three healthy female participants during treadmill walking and running trials involving heel, midfoot, and forefoot contact conditions. RESULTS Results indicated that running elicited greater joint range of motion across the hip, knee, and ankle, particularly in the sagittal and transverse planes. Tibialis anterior exhibited the highest levels of muscle activation across all conditions, with especially elevated activity during running. Plantar pressure values were higher during heel contact in walking and forefoot contact in running, suggesting increased plantar forces in these conditions. CONCLUSIONS Although no statistical analyses were conducted, the observed trends suggest that footfall strategies influence joint loading and neuromuscular control. These findings may inform the design of targeted gait interventions, athletic training programs, and rehabilitation protocols. Further research with larger and more diverse samples is needed to validate and expand upon these preliminary observations.http://ajkinesiol.org/upload/pdf/ajk-2025-27-3-101.pdffoot strike patterngait speedlower-limb kinematics |
| spellingShingle | Chong-Hoon Lee Footfall-Dependent Biomechanical Differences in Walking and Running The Asian Journal of Kinesiology foot strike pattern gait speed lower-limb kinematics |
| title | Footfall-Dependent Biomechanical Differences in Walking and Running |
| title_full | Footfall-Dependent Biomechanical Differences in Walking and Running |
| title_fullStr | Footfall-Dependent Biomechanical Differences in Walking and Running |
| title_full_unstemmed | Footfall-Dependent Biomechanical Differences in Walking and Running |
| title_short | Footfall-Dependent Biomechanical Differences in Walking and Running |
| title_sort | footfall dependent biomechanical differences in walking and running |
| topic | foot strike pattern gait speed lower-limb kinematics |
| url | http://ajkinesiol.org/upload/pdf/ajk-2025-27-3-101.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chonghoonlee footfalldependentbiomechanicaldifferencesinwalkingandrunning |