Experimental Study on the Effect of Environmental Factors on the Real Driving Emission (RDE) Test

The real driving emissions of gasoline and diesel vehicles are significantly influenced by altitude, temperature, and starting conditions. In this study, the real driving emissions (RDEs) of gasoline and diesel vehicles compliant with China V standards were investigated under various conditions. The...

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Main Authors: Hao Yu, Yan Su, Lei Cao, Bo Shen, Yulin Zhang, Benyou Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Energies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/9/2253
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author Hao Yu
Yan Su
Lei Cao
Bo Shen
Yulin Zhang
Benyou Wang
author_facet Hao Yu
Yan Su
Lei Cao
Bo Shen
Yulin Zhang
Benyou Wang
author_sort Hao Yu
collection DOAJ
description The real driving emissions of gasoline and diesel vehicles are significantly influenced by altitude, temperature, and starting conditions. In this study, the real driving emissions (RDEs) of gasoline and diesel vehicles compliant with China V standards were investigated under various conditions. The adaptability of RDE testing in China was evaluated by analyzing vehicle emissions at different altitudes, ambient temperatures, and starting conditions. The results show that, with increasing altitude, CO, NOx, and PN emissions generally exhibit a downward trend, particularly for gasoline vehicles, whose conformity factors remain well below the China VI limit. However, for China V diesel vehicles relying solely on EGR technology, NOx emissions significantly exceed China VI standards, indicating that EGR alone is insufficient to meet regulatory requirements. Temperature variations have little effect on the emissions of China V PFI gasoline vehicles, while diesel vehicles continue to exhibit excessive NOx emissions under varying temperatures. Although the cold-start phase generates substantial pollutant emissions, the EMROAD evaluation method excludes this phase, resulting in limited differences between cold- and hot-start emission results. Nevertheless, the inclusion of cold-start emissions should be considered in future RDE assessments.
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id doaj-art-a2df1ce6670147598d4e51d0a6f6beff
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publisher MDPI AG
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series Energies
spelling doaj-art-a2df1ce6670147598d4e51d0a6f6beff2025-08-20T01:49:11ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-04-01189225310.3390/en18092253Experimental Study on the Effect of Environmental Factors on the Real Driving Emission (RDE) TestHao Yu0Yan Su1Lei Cao2Bo Shen3Yulin Zhang4Benyou Wang5College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, ChinaCollege of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, ChinaCollege of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, ChinaCollege of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, ChinaCollege of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, ChinaCollege of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, ChinaThe real driving emissions of gasoline and diesel vehicles are significantly influenced by altitude, temperature, and starting conditions. In this study, the real driving emissions (RDEs) of gasoline and diesel vehicles compliant with China V standards were investigated under various conditions. The adaptability of RDE testing in China was evaluated by analyzing vehicle emissions at different altitudes, ambient temperatures, and starting conditions. The results show that, with increasing altitude, CO, NOx, and PN emissions generally exhibit a downward trend, particularly for gasoline vehicles, whose conformity factors remain well below the China VI limit. However, for China V diesel vehicles relying solely on EGR technology, NOx emissions significantly exceed China VI standards, indicating that EGR alone is insufficient to meet regulatory requirements. Temperature variations have little effect on the emissions of China V PFI gasoline vehicles, while diesel vehicles continue to exhibit excessive NOx emissions under varying temperatures. Although the cold-start phase generates substantial pollutant emissions, the EMROAD evaluation method excludes this phase, resulting in limited differences between cold- and hot-start emission results. Nevertheless, the inclusion of cold-start emissions should be considered in future RDE assessments.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/9/2253real driving emissionaltitudetemperaturestarting conditionrepeatability
spellingShingle Hao Yu
Yan Su
Lei Cao
Bo Shen
Yulin Zhang
Benyou Wang
Experimental Study on the Effect of Environmental Factors on the Real Driving Emission (RDE) Test
Energies
real driving emission
altitude
temperature
starting condition
repeatability
title Experimental Study on the Effect of Environmental Factors on the Real Driving Emission (RDE) Test
title_full Experimental Study on the Effect of Environmental Factors on the Real Driving Emission (RDE) Test
title_fullStr Experimental Study on the Effect of Environmental Factors on the Real Driving Emission (RDE) Test
title_full_unstemmed Experimental Study on the Effect of Environmental Factors on the Real Driving Emission (RDE) Test
title_short Experimental Study on the Effect of Environmental Factors on the Real Driving Emission (RDE) Test
title_sort experimental study on the effect of environmental factors on the real driving emission rde test
topic real driving emission
altitude
temperature
starting condition
repeatability
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/9/2253
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