Psychiatric comorbidities and smoking behavior in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A case–control study from a north Indian tertiary Center

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasingly recognized as a condition with multisystem involvement, including psychiatric comorbidities. Tobacco smoking, a primary etiological factor for COPD, may also predispose individuals to psychological distress. Aims and Objecti...

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Main Authors: Rohit Pathak, Abhishek Pathak, Manish Singh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara 2025-08-01
Series:Asian Journal of Medical Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ajmsjournal.info/index.php/AJMS/article/view/4603
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author Rohit Pathak
Abhishek Pathak
Manish Singh
author_facet Rohit Pathak
Abhishek Pathak
Manish Singh
author_sort Rohit Pathak
collection DOAJ
description Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasingly recognized as a condition with multisystem involvement, including psychiatric comorbidities. Tobacco smoking, a primary etiological factor for COPD, may also predispose individuals to psychological distress. Aims and Objectives: To assess the prevalence and pattern of psychiatric comorbidities in COPD patients, evaluate smoking history, and analyze their associations with COPD severity. Materials and Methods: A case–control study was conducted involving 221 COPD patients and 221 age-and gender-matched controls. Demographic profiles, smoking history (including pack-years), and psychiatric assessments were recorded. Psychiatric diagnoses were established using standard clinical interviews based on international classification of diseases, 10th edition criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square tests to determine associations, with significance set at P<0.05. Results: Cases exhibited significantly higher rates of smoking, with regular smokers constituting 51.1% compared to 14.0% of controls (P=0.0001). Psychiatric comorbidities were substantially elevated in cases, notably dysthymia (35.29% vs. 17.65%; P=0.0002), generalized anxiety disorder (41.63% vs. 21.72%; P=0.0001), and recurrent depressive disorder (29.86% vs. 13.57%; P=0.0001). Higher COPD severity grades were associated with increased psychiatric morbidity (P<0.05). Conclusion: COPD is strongly associated with a higher burden of psychiatric comorbidities and tobacco exposure. Integrating psychiatric evaluation into COPD management could enhance holistic patient care.
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spelling doaj-art-a2c8a3caba234bc48e945d95ac84ee512025-08-20T03:56:17ZengManipal College of Medical Sciences, PokharaAsian Journal of Medical Sciences2467-91002091-05762025-08-01168126131https://doi.org/10.71152/ajms.v16i8.4603Psychiatric comorbidities and smoking behavior in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A case–control study from a north Indian tertiary CenterRohit Pathak 0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5646-1442Abhishek Pathak 1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0470-0659Manish Singh 2https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3649-0708Associate Professor, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh, India Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh, India Senior Resident, Department of Psychiatry, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh, India Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasingly recognized as a condition with multisystem involvement, including psychiatric comorbidities. Tobacco smoking, a primary etiological factor for COPD, may also predispose individuals to psychological distress. Aims and Objectives: To assess the prevalence and pattern of psychiatric comorbidities in COPD patients, evaluate smoking history, and analyze their associations with COPD severity. Materials and Methods: A case–control study was conducted involving 221 COPD patients and 221 age-and gender-matched controls. Demographic profiles, smoking history (including pack-years), and psychiatric assessments were recorded. Psychiatric diagnoses were established using standard clinical interviews based on international classification of diseases, 10th edition criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square tests to determine associations, with significance set at P<0.05. Results: Cases exhibited significantly higher rates of smoking, with regular smokers constituting 51.1% compared to 14.0% of controls (P=0.0001). Psychiatric comorbidities were substantially elevated in cases, notably dysthymia (35.29% vs. 17.65%; P=0.0002), generalized anxiety disorder (41.63% vs. 21.72%; P=0.0001), and recurrent depressive disorder (29.86% vs. 13.57%; P=0.0001). Higher COPD severity grades were associated with increased psychiatric morbidity (P<0.05). Conclusion: COPD is strongly associated with a higher burden of psychiatric comorbidities and tobacco exposure. Integrating psychiatric evaluation into COPD management could enhance holistic patient care.https://ajmsjournal.info/index.php/AJMS/article/view/4603chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; smoking; psychiatric comorbidity; dysthymia; anxiety; case–control study
spellingShingle Rohit Pathak
Abhishek Pathak
Manish Singh
Psychiatric comorbidities and smoking behavior in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A case–control study from a north Indian tertiary Center
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; smoking; psychiatric comorbidity; dysthymia; anxiety; case–control study
title Psychiatric comorbidities and smoking behavior in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A case–control study from a north Indian tertiary Center
title_full Psychiatric comorbidities and smoking behavior in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A case–control study from a north Indian tertiary Center
title_fullStr Psychiatric comorbidities and smoking behavior in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A case–control study from a north Indian tertiary Center
title_full_unstemmed Psychiatric comorbidities and smoking behavior in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A case–control study from a north Indian tertiary Center
title_short Psychiatric comorbidities and smoking behavior in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A case–control study from a north Indian tertiary Center
title_sort psychiatric comorbidities and smoking behavior in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease a case control study from a north indian tertiary center
topic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; smoking; psychiatric comorbidity; dysthymia; anxiety; case–control study
url https://ajmsjournal.info/index.php/AJMS/article/view/4603
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AT manishsingh psychiatriccomorbiditiesandsmokingbehaviorinchronicobstructivepulmonarydiseaseacasecontrolstudyfromanorthindiantertiarycenter