Virtual tactile feedback technology based on microcurrent stimulation: current status, challenges and future prospects

With the rapid development of information technology, virtual reality (VR) technology and metaverse, which highlight personalized experience, have become hot spots in the development of information application industry. Visual, auditory, and tactile systems are the most common sensory systems used b...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Qiwei Xiong, Hongbo Yao, Jiyu Wang, Zhenghao Huang, Junhong Luo, Changfu Zhong, Yihuan Lin, Lin Shu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Neuroscience
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1519758/full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850040177528930304
author Qiwei Xiong
Hongbo Yao
Jiyu Wang
Zhenghao Huang
Junhong Luo
Changfu Zhong
Yihuan Lin
Lin Shu
author_facet Qiwei Xiong
Hongbo Yao
Jiyu Wang
Zhenghao Huang
Junhong Luo
Changfu Zhong
Yihuan Lin
Lin Shu
author_sort Qiwei Xiong
collection DOAJ
description With the rapid development of information technology, virtual reality (VR) technology and metaverse, which highlight personalized experience, have become hot spots in the development of information application industry. Visual, auditory, and tactile systems are the most common sensory systems used by human beings to perceive information about the external environment, facilitated by organs such as the eyes, ears, and skin, making it convenient and natural to interact with the outside world. The integration of virtual tactile feedback technology with audiovisual technology can further enhance the richness of interaction and achieve better immersion experience. Among the many tactile feedback technologies, electrical stimulation tactile feedback stands out due to its performance advantages such as device portability, high refresh frequency and precise control. However, electrical stimulation technology lacks a mature three-dimensional human tissue electrical stimulation conduction model with multipoint stimulation in theoretical research; the variety of virtual tactiles implemented in the research is limited, and there is a gap with real life; and there are fewer audio-visual tactile feedback fusion control models and equipment development problems. Based on these challenges, this paper combs through the latest research progress of microcurrent stimulation-based virtual tactile feedback technology in the field of human-computer interaction. “Microcurrent” here refers to the application of low-intensity electrical currents, specifically under 10 milliamperes, which provide precise and adjustable stimulation for enhancing tactile experiences in virtual and augmented reality applications. This summary outlining the technical characteristics and current research status of this research direction. Finally, the current problems and future development trends in this field are discussed in depth, and how to improve them in order to develop a broader application space is analyzed. By clarifying the potential value of tactile feedback in human-computer interaction, it is hoped to promote the future development of electrically stimulated tactile feedback technology in human-computer interaction, and to help develop a more natural, realistic, efficient and immersive human-computer interaction experience. This study uniquely integrates a systematic analysis of electrotactile perception mechanisms with emerging microcurrent stimulation technologies, providing practical guidelines and a novel reference framework for future research in virtual haptics.
format Article
id doaj-art-a2c52def55404b228f95c164297938cd
institution DOAJ
issn 1662-453X
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Neuroscience
spelling doaj-art-a2c52def55404b228f95c164297938cd2025-08-20T02:56:09ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2025-05-011910.3389/fnins.2025.15197581519758Virtual tactile feedback technology based on microcurrent stimulation: current status, challenges and future prospectsQiwei Xiong0Hongbo Yao1Jiyu Wang2Zhenghao Huang3Junhong Luo4Changfu Zhong5Yihuan Lin6Lin Shu7School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, ChinaWith the rapid development of information technology, virtual reality (VR) technology and metaverse, which highlight personalized experience, have become hot spots in the development of information application industry. Visual, auditory, and tactile systems are the most common sensory systems used by human beings to perceive information about the external environment, facilitated by organs such as the eyes, ears, and skin, making it convenient and natural to interact with the outside world. The integration of virtual tactile feedback technology with audiovisual technology can further enhance the richness of interaction and achieve better immersion experience. Among the many tactile feedback technologies, electrical stimulation tactile feedback stands out due to its performance advantages such as device portability, high refresh frequency and precise control. However, electrical stimulation technology lacks a mature three-dimensional human tissue electrical stimulation conduction model with multipoint stimulation in theoretical research; the variety of virtual tactiles implemented in the research is limited, and there is a gap with real life; and there are fewer audio-visual tactile feedback fusion control models and equipment development problems. Based on these challenges, this paper combs through the latest research progress of microcurrent stimulation-based virtual tactile feedback technology in the field of human-computer interaction. “Microcurrent” here refers to the application of low-intensity electrical currents, specifically under 10 milliamperes, which provide precise and adjustable stimulation for enhancing tactile experiences in virtual and augmented reality applications. This summary outlining the technical characteristics and current research status of this research direction. Finally, the current problems and future development trends in this field are discussed in depth, and how to improve them in order to develop a broader application space is analyzed. By clarifying the potential value of tactile feedback in human-computer interaction, it is hoped to promote the future development of electrically stimulated tactile feedback technology in human-computer interaction, and to help develop a more natural, realistic, efficient and immersive human-computer interaction experience. This study uniquely integrates a systematic analysis of electrotactile perception mechanisms with emerging microcurrent stimulation technologies, providing practical guidelines and a novel reference framework for future research in virtual haptics.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1519758/fullhuman-computer interactionelectrotactile feedbackvirtual realityvirtual tactilesaudiovisual-tactile integration
spellingShingle Qiwei Xiong
Hongbo Yao
Jiyu Wang
Zhenghao Huang
Junhong Luo
Changfu Zhong
Yihuan Lin
Lin Shu
Virtual tactile feedback technology based on microcurrent stimulation: current status, challenges and future prospects
Frontiers in Neuroscience
human-computer interaction
electrotactile feedback
virtual reality
virtual tactiles
audiovisual-tactile integration
title Virtual tactile feedback technology based on microcurrent stimulation: current status, challenges and future prospects
title_full Virtual tactile feedback technology based on microcurrent stimulation: current status, challenges and future prospects
title_fullStr Virtual tactile feedback technology based on microcurrent stimulation: current status, challenges and future prospects
title_full_unstemmed Virtual tactile feedback technology based on microcurrent stimulation: current status, challenges and future prospects
title_short Virtual tactile feedback technology based on microcurrent stimulation: current status, challenges and future prospects
title_sort virtual tactile feedback technology based on microcurrent stimulation current status challenges and future prospects
topic human-computer interaction
electrotactile feedback
virtual reality
virtual tactiles
audiovisual-tactile integration
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1519758/full
work_keys_str_mv AT qiweixiong virtualtactilefeedbacktechnologybasedonmicrocurrentstimulationcurrentstatuschallengesandfutureprospects
AT hongboyao virtualtactilefeedbacktechnologybasedonmicrocurrentstimulationcurrentstatuschallengesandfutureprospects
AT jiyuwang virtualtactilefeedbacktechnologybasedonmicrocurrentstimulationcurrentstatuschallengesandfutureprospects
AT zhenghaohuang virtualtactilefeedbacktechnologybasedonmicrocurrentstimulationcurrentstatuschallengesandfutureprospects
AT junhongluo virtualtactilefeedbacktechnologybasedonmicrocurrentstimulationcurrentstatuschallengesandfutureprospects
AT changfuzhong virtualtactilefeedbacktechnologybasedonmicrocurrentstimulationcurrentstatuschallengesandfutureprospects
AT yihuanlin virtualtactilefeedbacktechnologybasedonmicrocurrentstimulationcurrentstatuschallengesandfutureprospects
AT linshu virtualtactilefeedbacktechnologybasedonmicrocurrentstimulationcurrentstatuschallengesandfutureprospects