The Calprotectin Fragment, CPa9-HNE, Is a Plasma Biomarker of Mild Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease predominantly of the small airways and parenchyma. COPD lungs exhibit an influx of circulating innate immune cells, which, when isolated, display impaired functions, including imbalanced protease secretion. In addition to...

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Main Authors: Mugdha M. Joglekar, Jannie M. B. Sand, Theo Borghuis, Diana J. Leeming, Morten Karsdal, Frank Klont, Russell P. Bowler, Barbro N. Melgert, Janette K. Burgess, Simon D. Pouwels
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Cells
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/15/1155
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author Mugdha M. Joglekar
Jannie M. B. Sand
Theo Borghuis
Diana J. Leeming
Morten Karsdal
Frank Klont
Russell P. Bowler
Barbro N. Melgert
Janette K. Burgess
Simon D. Pouwels
author_facet Mugdha M. Joglekar
Jannie M. B. Sand
Theo Borghuis
Diana J. Leeming
Morten Karsdal
Frank Klont
Russell P. Bowler
Barbro N. Melgert
Janette K. Burgess
Simon D. Pouwels
author_sort Mugdha M. Joglekar
collection DOAJ
description Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease predominantly of the small airways and parenchyma. COPD lungs exhibit an influx of circulating innate immune cells, which, when isolated, display impaired functions, including imbalanced protease secretion. In addition to immune cells, the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a crucial role in COPD pathology. Remodeling of the ECM can generate ECM fragments, which can be released into circulation and subsequently induce pro-inflammatory responses. COPD is a heterogeneous disease, and serological biomarkers can be used to sub-categorize COPD patients for targeted treatments and optimal recruitment in clinical trials. This study evaluated fragments of calprotectin, collagen type VI, and versican, generated by neutrophil elastase and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-) 2 and 12, respectively, as potential biomarkers of COPD disease, severity, and endotypes. Lower plasma levels of a neoepitope marker of calprotectin, indicative of activated neutrophils (nordicCPa9-HNETM), were detected in COPD donors compared to controls. CPa9-HNE was associated with milder disease, higher degree of air-trapping, and higher serum levels of MMP-2. Deposition of CPa9-HNE levels in lung tissue revealed no differences between groups. Taken together, CPa9-HNE was found to be a potential marker of mild COPD, but further studies are warranted to validate our findings.
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spelling doaj-art-a2c1c15e207f48a681f5f3ebba758e4c2025-08-20T03:02:55ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092025-07-011415115510.3390/cells14151155The Calprotectin Fragment, CPa9-HNE, Is a Plasma Biomarker of Mild Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseMugdha M. Joglekar0Jannie M. B. Sand1Theo Borghuis2Diana J. Leeming3Morten Karsdal4Frank Klont5Russell P. Bowler6Barbro N. Melgert7Janette K. Burgess8Simon D. Pouwels9Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The NetherlandsNordic Bioscience A/S, 2730 Herlev, DenmarkDepartment of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The NetherlandsNordic Bioscience A/S, 2730 Herlev, DenmarkNordic Bioscience A/S, 2730 Herlev, DenmarkDepartment of Pharmacotherapy, Epidemiology, and Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The NetherlandsDivision of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USAGroningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The NetherlandsChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease predominantly of the small airways and parenchyma. COPD lungs exhibit an influx of circulating innate immune cells, which, when isolated, display impaired functions, including imbalanced protease secretion. In addition to immune cells, the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a crucial role in COPD pathology. Remodeling of the ECM can generate ECM fragments, which can be released into circulation and subsequently induce pro-inflammatory responses. COPD is a heterogeneous disease, and serological biomarkers can be used to sub-categorize COPD patients for targeted treatments and optimal recruitment in clinical trials. This study evaluated fragments of calprotectin, collagen type VI, and versican, generated by neutrophil elastase and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-) 2 and 12, respectively, as potential biomarkers of COPD disease, severity, and endotypes. Lower plasma levels of a neoepitope marker of calprotectin, indicative of activated neutrophils (nordicCPa9-HNETM), were detected in COPD donors compared to controls. CPa9-HNE was associated with milder disease, higher degree of air-trapping, and higher serum levels of MMP-2. Deposition of CPa9-HNE levels in lung tissue revealed no differences between groups. Taken together, CPa9-HNE was found to be a potential marker of mild COPD, but further studies are warranted to validate our findings.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/15/1155COPDbiomarkersECM fragmentsCPa9-HNES100A9DAMPs
spellingShingle Mugdha M. Joglekar
Jannie M. B. Sand
Theo Borghuis
Diana J. Leeming
Morten Karsdal
Frank Klont
Russell P. Bowler
Barbro N. Melgert
Janette K. Burgess
Simon D. Pouwels
The Calprotectin Fragment, CPa9-HNE, Is a Plasma Biomarker of Mild Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Cells
COPD
biomarkers
ECM fragments
CPa9-HNE
S100A9
DAMPs
title The Calprotectin Fragment, CPa9-HNE, Is a Plasma Biomarker of Mild Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
title_full The Calprotectin Fragment, CPa9-HNE, Is a Plasma Biomarker of Mild Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
title_fullStr The Calprotectin Fragment, CPa9-HNE, Is a Plasma Biomarker of Mild Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
title_full_unstemmed The Calprotectin Fragment, CPa9-HNE, Is a Plasma Biomarker of Mild Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
title_short The Calprotectin Fragment, CPa9-HNE, Is a Plasma Biomarker of Mild Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
title_sort calprotectin fragment cpa9 hne is a plasma biomarker of mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
topic COPD
biomarkers
ECM fragments
CPa9-HNE
S100A9
DAMPs
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/15/1155
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