Liver Transplantation for the Cure of Neuroendocrine Liver Metastasis: A Systematic Review with Particular Attention to the Risk Factors of Death and Recurrence
Background/Objectives: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are heterogeneous entities. Despite considerable advancement in the field, almost 50% of patients have metastatic disease, when liver transplantation (LT) is one of the possible treatments offering a cure in well-selected patients. Methods: The p...
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| author | Quirino Lai Alessandro Coppola Anna Mrzljak Maja Cigrovski Berkovic |
| author_facet | Quirino Lai Alessandro Coppola Anna Mrzljak Maja Cigrovski Berkovic |
| author_sort | Quirino Lai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background/Objectives: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are heterogeneous entities. Despite considerable advancement in the field, almost 50% of patients have metastatic disease, when liver transplantation (LT) is one of the possible treatments offering a cure in well-selected patients. Methods: The present study aims to systematically review all the literature from 2000 onwards on using LT for patients with NEN-LM, with particular attention to the risk factors of death and recurrence. Results: LT offers 5-year OS ranging from 52 to 74% and 5-year TFS rates ranging from 39 to 62%, with even better results published from 2009 onwards. The main risk factors for patient deaths are related to unfavorable primary tumor pathology, higher liver involvement, and simultaneous LT and primary resection. Similarly, recurrence is higher related to poor tumor grade and differentiation, and in the case of an older recipient age. Conclusions: Applying uniform criteria and a more in-depth understanding of the relevant prognostic factors contribute to a better selection of candidates for curative LT due to NEN metastases. LT for unresectable or liver-restricted NENs has a relevant place in the treatment algorithm and has achieved excellent results in recent decades, but more international efforts are needed to further improve outcomes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a2ab7dc2fbb047cfa0187ce9a98bb4a3 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj-art-a2ab7dc2fbb047cfa0187ce9a98bb4a32025-08-20T01:53:49ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592024-10-011211241910.3390/biomedicines12112419Liver Transplantation for the Cure of Neuroendocrine Liver Metastasis: A Systematic Review with Particular Attention to the Risk Factors of Death and RecurrenceQuirino Lai0Alessandro Coppola1Anna Mrzljak2Maja Cigrovski Berkovic3General Surgery and Organ Transplantation Unit, Department of General and Specialty Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of General Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liver Transplant Center, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaUniversity of Zagreb, Faculty of Kinesiology, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaBackground/Objectives: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are heterogeneous entities. Despite considerable advancement in the field, almost 50% of patients have metastatic disease, when liver transplantation (LT) is one of the possible treatments offering a cure in well-selected patients. Methods: The present study aims to systematically review all the literature from 2000 onwards on using LT for patients with NEN-LM, with particular attention to the risk factors of death and recurrence. Results: LT offers 5-year OS ranging from 52 to 74% and 5-year TFS rates ranging from 39 to 62%, with even better results published from 2009 onwards. The main risk factors for patient deaths are related to unfavorable primary tumor pathology, higher liver involvement, and simultaneous LT and primary resection. Similarly, recurrence is higher related to poor tumor grade and differentiation, and in the case of an older recipient age. Conclusions: Applying uniform criteria and a more in-depth understanding of the relevant prognostic factors contribute to a better selection of candidates for curative LT due to NEN metastases. LT for unresectable or liver-restricted NENs has a relevant place in the treatment algorithm and has achieved excellent results in recent decades, but more international efforts are needed to further improve outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/11/2419neuroendocrine neoplasmsgastrointestinal tractpancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasmsgradedifferentiationliver metastases |
| spellingShingle | Quirino Lai Alessandro Coppola Anna Mrzljak Maja Cigrovski Berkovic Liver Transplantation for the Cure of Neuroendocrine Liver Metastasis: A Systematic Review with Particular Attention to the Risk Factors of Death and Recurrence Biomedicines neuroendocrine neoplasms gastrointestinal tract pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms grade differentiation liver metastases |
| title | Liver Transplantation for the Cure of Neuroendocrine Liver Metastasis: A Systematic Review with Particular Attention to the Risk Factors of Death and Recurrence |
| title_full | Liver Transplantation for the Cure of Neuroendocrine Liver Metastasis: A Systematic Review with Particular Attention to the Risk Factors of Death and Recurrence |
| title_fullStr | Liver Transplantation for the Cure of Neuroendocrine Liver Metastasis: A Systematic Review with Particular Attention to the Risk Factors of Death and Recurrence |
| title_full_unstemmed | Liver Transplantation for the Cure of Neuroendocrine Liver Metastasis: A Systematic Review with Particular Attention to the Risk Factors of Death and Recurrence |
| title_short | Liver Transplantation for the Cure of Neuroendocrine Liver Metastasis: A Systematic Review with Particular Attention to the Risk Factors of Death and Recurrence |
| title_sort | liver transplantation for the cure of neuroendocrine liver metastasis a systematic review with particular attention to the risk factors of death and recurrence |
| topic | neuroendocrine neoplasms gastrointestinal tract pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms grade differentiation liver metastases |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/11/2419 |
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