Addressable and perceptible dynamic reprogram of ferromagnetic soft machines
Abstract Soft machines actuated by external magnetic fields have gained significant attention for their potential to interact with living organisms and complex environments. However, their adaptability and functionality are often limited by rigid magnetization during operation. In this work, we intr...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57454-w |
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| author | Yuxuan Sun Boxi Sun Xiang Cui Weihua Li Yue Zhang Li He Shutong Nong Zhengqing Zhu Jiyang Wu Dongxiao Li Xingxiang Li Shiwu Zhang Xiangyang Li Mujun Li |
| author_facet | Yuxuan Sun Boxi Sun Xiang Cui Weihua Li Yue Zhang Li He Shutong Nong Zhengqing Zhu Jiyang Wu Dongxiao Li Xingxiang Li Shiwu Zhang Xiangyang Li Mujun Li |
| author_sort | Yuxuan Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Soft machines actuated by external magnetic fields have gained significant attention for their potential to interact with living organisms and complex environments. However, their adaptability and functionality are often limited by rigid magnetization during operation. In this work, we introduce dynamically reprogrammable magnetic soft machines with in situ reconfigurable magnetization profiles during operations, achieved through the synergy of various magnetic fields. A flexible resonant circuit is integrated into the machine body, enabling addressable and perceptible heating of specific regions via high-frequency fields of varying frequencies. The machine body is composed of microbeads made from a low-melting-point alloy and NdFeB microparticles. When heated, the alloy liquefies, allowing the rotation of NdFeB microparticles under a 40 mT pulsed programming field. Upon cooling, the new configuration is locked in place. This reprogramming process is equally effective for single or multiple machines, enabling versatile multi-pattern deformation of individual machines and cooperation of multiple ones. Furthermore, by incorporating addressable thermal actuation, we demonstrate in situ assembly of multiple robots. This work may enable a broad spectrum of magnetic soft machines with enhanced functionalities. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a2aabb713d254da0a3316c6e44d8e693 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2041-1723 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nature Communications |
| spelling | doaj-art-a2aabb713d254da0a3316c6e44d8e6932025-08-20T02:59:58ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-03-0116111510.1038/s41467-025-57454-wAddressable and perceptible dynamic reprogram of ferromagnetic soft machinesYuxuan Sun0Boxi Sun1Xiang Cui2Weihua Li3Yue Zhang4Li He5Shutong Nong6Zhengqing Zhu7Jiyang Wu8Dongxiao Li9Xingxiang Li10Shiwu Zhang11Xiangyang Li12Mujun Li13Institute of Humanoid Robots, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of ChinaInstitute of Humanoid Robots, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of ChinaSchool of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of ChinaSchool of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of WollongongThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaInstitute of Humanoid Robots, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of ChinaInstitute of Humanoid Robots, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of ChinaInstitute of Humanoid Robots, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of ChinaInstitute of Humanoid Robots, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of ChinaInstitute of Humanoid Robots, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of ChinaInstitute of Humanoid Robots, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of ChinaSchool of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of ChinaInstitute of Humanoid Robots, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of ChinaAbstract Soft machines actuated by external magnetic fields have gained significant attention for their potential to interact with living organisms and complex environments. However, their adaptability and functionality are often limited by rigid magnetization during operation. In this work, we introduce dynamically reprogrammable magnetic soft machines with in situ reconfigurable magnetization profiles during operations, achieved through the synergy of various magnetic fields. A flexible resonant circuit is integrated into the machine body, enabling addressable and perceptible heating of specific regions via high-frequency fields of varying frequencies. The machine body is composed of microbeads made from a low-melting-point alloy and NdFeB microparticles. When heated, the alloy liquefies, allowing the rotation of NdFeB microparticles under a 40 mT pulsed programming field. Upon cooling, the new configuration is locked in place. This reprogramming process is equally effective for single or multiple machines, enabling versatile multi-pattern deformation of individual machines and cooperation of multiple ones. Furthermore, by incorporating addressable thermal actuation, we demonstrate in situ assembly of multiple robots. This work may enable a broad spectrum of magnetic soft machines with enhanced functionalities.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57454-w |
| spellingShingle | Yuxuan Sun Boxi Sun Xiang Cui Weihua Li Yue Zhang Li He Shutong Nong Zhengqing Zhu Jiyang Wu Dongxiao Li Xingxiang Li Shiwu Zhang Xiangyang Li Mujun Li Addressable and perceptible dynamic reprogram of ferromagnetic soft machines Nature Communications |
| title | Addressable and perceptible dynamic reprogram of ferromagnetic soft machines |
| title_full | Addressable and perceptible dynamic reprogram of ferromagnetic soft machines |
| title_fullStr | Addressable and perceptible dynamic reprogram of ferromagnetic soft machines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Addressable and perceptible dynamic reprogram of ferromagnetic soft machines |
| title_short | Addressable and perceptible dynamic reprogram of ferromagnetic soft machines |
| title_sort | addressable and perceptible dynamic reprogram of ferromagnetic soft machines |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57454-w |
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