Greenness, blueness, and whiteness evaluation of a quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance procedure for concurrent assay of aspirin and omeprazole in their single and fixed-dose combined tablets

Abstract The Food and Drug Administration recently approved a fixed dose combination of aspirin and omeprazole that has been introduced for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, as it reduces the risk of upper gastrointestinal and cardiovascular adverse events in aspirin-treated patients. The...

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Main Authors: Amal A. El-Masry, Abdallah M. Zeid, Nora A. Abdallah
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Chemistry
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-025-01477-3
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author Amal A. El-Masry
Abdallah M. Zeid
Nora A. Abdallah
author_facet Amal A. El-Masry
Abdallah M. Zeid
Nora A. Abdallah
author_sort Amal A. El-Masry
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The Food and Drug Administration recently approved a fixed dose combination of aspirin and omeprazole that has been introduced for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, as it reduces the risk of upper gastrointestinal and cardiovascular adverse events in aspirin-treated patients. Therefore, an optimized eco-friendly, simple, fast, and precise quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy technique was presented for the concurrent estimation of that mixture in their single and combined dosage forms. The quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy concurrent estimation of both drugs was achieved using phloroglucinol as the internal standard and dimethyl sulfoxide as a deuterated solvent. An ideal set of acquisition parameters was determined to be 128 scans, 10 s relaxation latency, and 90° pulse angle. The selected quantitative signal of aspirin was the doublet of doublet signal appeared at 7.945 ppm, while that of omeprazole was the singlet signal at 8.18 ppm. The singlet signal at 5.69 ppm was selected for the internal standard. The spectra were subjected to integration, baseline correction, and auto phase correction. The developed quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy method was found to be rectilinear over the range of 0.05–4.0 mg mL−1 for both drugs. The detecting and quantifying limits for both drugs were approximately 0.01 and 0.03 mg mL−1, respectively. Neither labelling nor pretreatment steps were needed to assay the studied drugs using our developed quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy method. The proposed nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy approach was effectively evaluated in terms of linearity (r = 0.9999), accuracy, and precision (%RSD < 1.08). Furthermore, the suggested technique was investigated to analyze the studied drugs in their single and combined dosages. This work enables clinicians to simultaneously monitor aspirin and omeprazole levels in both single and fixed-dose combination tablets, ensuring precise dosing and effective treatment management. For patients, it supports safer therapy by reducing the risks associated with improper dosing or drug interactions in combination therapies. After evaluating the method's greenness, whiteness and blueness, it was determined that the suggested approach was environmentally friendly. The suggested approach was compared with the previously reported methods from both an analytical and eco-friendly perspective.
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spelling doaj-art-a2a9b3abe2b94959a14e5f73e061a8832025-08-20T02:15:16ZengBMCBMC Chemistry2661-801X2025-05-0119111210.1186/s13065-025-01477-3Greenness, blueness, and whiteness evaluation of a quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance procedure for concurrent assay of aspirin and omeprazole in their single and fixed-dose combined tabletsAmal A. El-Masry0Abdallah M. Zeid1Nora A. Abdallah2Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura UniversityDepartment of Chemistry, Michigan UniversityDepartment of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura UniversityAbstract The Food and Drug Administration recently approved a fixed dose combination of aspirin and omeprazole that has been introduced for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, as it reduces the risk of upper gastrointestinal and cardiovascular adverse events in aspirin-treated patients. Therefore, an optimized eco-friendly, simple, fast, and precise quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy technique was presented for the concurrent estimation of that mixture in their single and combined dosage forms. The quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy concurrent estimation of both drugs was achieved using phloroglucinol as the internal standard and dimethyl sulfoxide as a deuterated solvent. An ideal set of acquisition parameters was determined to be 128 scans, 10 s relaxation latency, and 90° pulse angle. The selected quantitative signal of aspirin was the doublet of doublet signal appeared at 7.945 ppm, while that of omeprazole was the singlet signal at 8.18 ppm. The singlet signal at 5.69 ppm was selected for the internal standard. The spectra were subjected to integration, baseline correction, and auto phase correction. The developed quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy method was found to be rectilinear over the range of 0.05–4.0 mg mL−1 for both drugs. The detecting and quantifying limits for both drugs were approximately 0.01 and 0.03 mg mL−1, respectively. Neither labelling nor pretreatment steps were needed to assay the studied drugs using our developed quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy method. The proposed nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy approach was effectively evaluated in terms of linearity (r = 0.9999), accuracy, and precision (%RSD < 1.08). Furthermore, the suggested technique was investigated to analyze the studied drugs in their single and combined dosages. This work enables clinicians to simultaneously monitor aspirin and omeprazole levels in both single and fixed-dose combination tablets, ensuring precise dosing and effective treatment management. For patients, it supports safer therapy by reducing the risks associated with improper dosing or drug interactions in combination therapies. After evaluating the method's greenness, whiteness and blueness, it was determined that the suggested approach was environmentally friendly. The suggested approach was compared with the previously reported methods from both an analytical and eco-friendly perspective.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-025-01477-31H-qNMRAspirinOmeprazolePharmaceutical dosage formGreennessWhiteness and blueness assessment
spellingShingle Amal A. El-Masry
Abdallah M. Zeid
Nora A. Abdallah
Greenness, blueness, and whiteness evaluation of a quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance procedure for concurrent assay of aspirin and omeprazole in their single and fixed-dose combined tablets
BMC Chemistry
1H-qNMR
Aspirin
Omeprazole
Pharmaceutical dosage form
Greenness
Whiteness and blueness assessment
title Greenness, blueness, and whiteness evaluation of a quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance procedure for concurrent assay of aspirin and omeprazole in their single and fixed-dose combined tablets
title_full Greenness, blueness, and whiteness evaluation of a quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance procedure for concurrent assay of aspirin and omeprazole in their single and fixed-dose combined tablets
title_fullStr Greenness, blueness, and whiteness evaluation of a quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance procedure for concurrent assay of aspirin and omeprazole in their single and fixed-dose combined tablets
title_full_unstemmed Greenness, blueness, and whiteness evaluation of a quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance procedure for concurrent assay of aspirin and omeprazole in their single and fixed-dose combined tablets
title_short Greenness, blueness, and whiteness evaluation of a quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance procedure for concurrent assay of aspirin and omeprazole in their single and fixed-dose combined tablets
title_sort greenness blueness and whiteness evaluation of a quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance procedure for concurrent assay of aspirin and omeprazole in their single and fixed dose combined tablets
topic 1H-qNMR
Aspirin
Omeprazole
Pharmaceutical dosage form
Greenness
Whiteness and blueness assessment
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-025-01477-3
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AT abdallahmzeid greennessbluenessandwhitenessevaluationofaquantitativenuclearmagneticresonanceprocedureforconcurrentassayofaspirinandomeprazoleintheirsingleandfixeddosecombinedtablets
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